Business of Local Fruit and Vegetables in Jember District as a Support of Food Security , Indonesia

Local fruits and vegetables contribute to food security in the area. Efforts to gather information about local fruits and vegetables is very important. This is due to the diversity of local fruit and vegetables are endangered due to the penetration of imported fruits and vegetables that increasingly dominate, changing consumption patterns and land use. This study examines the diversity of local fruits and vegetables in Jember. The research method using exploratory survey which aims to gather information with a qualitative approach. The research instrument is observation sheet, interview and documentation. The survey area covers 31 districts in Jember, namely:Subdistrict Kencong, Gumukmas, Puger, Wuluhan, Ambulu, Tempurejo, Silo, Mayang, Mumbulsari, Jenggawah, Ajung, Rambipuji, Balung, Umbulsari, Semboro, Jombang, Sumberbaru, Embankment, Bangsalsari, Panti, Sukorambi, Arjasa, Pakusari, Kalisat, Ledokombo, Sumberjambe, Sukowono, Jelbuk, Kaliwates, Sumbersari and Patrang, Respondents were interviewed are traders of fruit and vegetables in the market and the centers of the fruit. The results of this exploratory study found that 46 kinds of local fruits and 52 kinds of local vegetables. 52.2% met the local fruit is cultivated, ie 24 types of local fruits such as:Avocado, Grapes, Belimbing, Duku, Durian, Guava, Guava Water, Orange Semboro, Orange Large, longan, mango, mangosteen, Melinjo, jackfruit, pineapple, papaya, banana, rambutan, Salak, Sawo, passionfruit, soursop and breadfruit. 30.8% of local vegetables that have been cultivated at 16 types of local vegetables such as: Bawang Merah, Bawang leaves Cabbage, Cauliflower, chinese cabbage / mustard, Long Bean, Large Chilli, chilli, Mushroom, Tomato, eggplant, beans, cucumber, pumpkin Siam, Kale and Spinach,


Introduction
Local fruits and vegetables are part of Indonesia's biodiversity, known as Mega Biodiversity Country.Indonesia including in eight mega biodiversity countries in the world, both flora and fauna spread is very wide.Biological riches include a variety of plants, animals and microbes.There are approximately 28,000 species of plants, 350,000 species of animals and 10,000 microbes that live naturally in Indonesia (Surtikanti, 2009: 124).
Indonesian forests have great potential in contributing to the provision of food for the community.From the forest there are 77 types of food sources of carbohydrates, 26 kinds of

II. Methodology
Exploratory research using a survey method with a qualitative approach.The research instrument consisting of pieces of observation, interviews and documentation.Surveys conducted in April -May 2018.

Research Areas
a) Jember district has an area of approximately 3293.34 km2, with a length of approximately 170 Km coast.b) Jember is located at an altitude of 0-3300 meters above sea level (asl), with a height of Jember urban areas approximately 87 meters above sea level (asl).Most of the territory is at an altitude of between 100 and 500 meters above sea level is 37.75%.Topographical conditions indicated by the slope or elevation, most of Jember District (36.60%) with 0 to 2% slope.c) Climate in Jember is a tropical climate.Figures temperatures ranging from 23ºC -31ºC.

Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal)
Volume I, No 3, October 2018, Page: 208-224 e-ISSN: 2615-3076(Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715(Print) www.birci-journal.com emails; birci.journal@gmail.com birci.journal.org@gmail.comResearch has found that 46 kinds of local fruits and 52 kinds of local vegetables.Documentation of the diversity of local fruit Jember found in more than 20 sub-districts can be seen in Figure 2. The documentation of the diversity of local vegetables Jember found in more than 12 districts can be seen in Figure 3.The typical fruit found in Jember namely kenitu fruit, which is found in the 6 districts, the District Ajung, Gumukmas, Rambipuji, Jombang, Arjasa and Sumbersari, Can be seen in Figure 4.

The color spectrum Local Fruits in Jember
Based on the research results owned fruit color spectrum in Jember has a diversity of colors, namely red, green, yellow, orange (orange), blue / purple / black and white / tan / brown.Colored fruits contain phytochemicals (phytonutrients) are different from each other.phytochemical compounds are compounds found in fruits that give it flavor, aroma, or a distinctive color on the fruit.

Figure 5. Spectrum of Colors in Jember Local Fruits
Based on the analysis of Figure 5, the local fruit found in Jember has a diversity of skin color or of different meats.The picture above shows that the green color on the skin of the fruit is the contribution of the color most acquired as many as 17 varieties of fruit, including avocado, green grapes, guava, pink crystals, lime, orange Semboro, kedondong, kenitu, cherry, mango, apple melon, watermelon red, yellow watermelons, soursop, sugar apple, breadfruit and banana, while the contribution of the orange in the fruit skin color contribution that little can be found obtained by 3 local fruit species Jember, namely pineapple, papaya, and citrus.Contributions are white / tan / brown in the flesh of the fruit is the contribution of the colors most acquired as many as 16 species of fruit, including Berry, Duku, pink crystals, kedondong, kenitu, cherry, longan, mangosteen, betel nut, rambutan, bark, fruit white dragon, breadfruit, soursop, sugar apple, and brown, while the contribution of the blue / purple / black is the color a little contribution found in Jember local fruit, dragon fruit red.Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume I, No 3, October 2018, Page: 208-224 e-ISSN: 2615-3076(Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715(Print) www.birci-journal.com emails; birci.journal@gmail.com birci.journal.org@gmail.comBased on the percentage of fruit and tuber vegetables based on the color of skin, flesh and seed color at most that green and white / tan / brown.Skin color with red color as much as 4 vegetables, orange and yellow as 0, 21 vegetable green, purple 1 vegetable and skin colors of white and brown as much as 1.Color red meat is divided into as many as 1 vegetable, orange and yellow 1, Green 1 , blue / purple / black 0, and most vegetable meat color is white as many as nine vegetables.Seed color red is divided into as many as 2 vegetables, orange and yellow 3, Green 7, the purple one, and most color is white which is about 13 vegetables.

IV. Discussion
The results of the exploration of local fruits and vegetables sold in markets and centers of fruits and vegetables in 31 districts in Jember, found 46 kinds of local fruits and 52 kinds of local vegetables.Local fruits and vegetables have potential as a source of germplasm flora that is able to support the local food needs.Therefore, local fruits and vegetables is one of alternative food sources of qualified providers.
Local fruits and vegetables is a plant that has been known and cultivated society, but not documented / no database on the local fruit and vegetables.Though local fruit has a fresh taste with nutritional content therein.People still prefer imported fruit with different strengths.Need to cultivate a love of fruits and vegetables locally through education.Diversification based on local fruits and vegetables is an alternative that can improve nutrition and can solve the problems of malnutrition and food security.Vitamins and minerals contained in fruits and vegetables are rich in food resources that are beneficial to health, development and growth.Although the needs are relatively few, but the function of vitamins and minerals can hardly be replaced so that insufficient consumption of these substances become essential (Mohammed, 2015).Fruit is one of the agricultural commodities that contributed substantially to the diversity of food and the availability of public nutrition because it contains fiber, vitamins and minerals (Indriani, 2015).Vegetables and fruits are a source of dietary fiber that are easily found in foodstuffs.Food consumption patterns in Indonesia caused a shortage of the consumption of vegetables and fruits in almost all provinces in Indonesia.This causes a shift in the pattern of infectious diseases into degenerative diseases and metabolic (Santoso, 2011).The world's population by 75% indicating fruit and vegetable consumption as has been recommended by WHO.WHO recommendations for the consumption of fruit and vegetables each day is 5-9 servings (400 grams).In Indonesia, the intake of fruits and vegetables only 2.5 servings (MoH RI, 2014).Around the world, 1.7 million estimated deaths per year are associated with low intake of fruits and vegetables (Miller et al, 2016).
In this study, it was found 46 types of local fruits and 52 kinds of local vegetables spread over 31 districts in Jember.There are 24 types of local fruits and 16 kinds of local vegetables have been cultivated.Found 9 types of local fruit available in more than 20 districts, namely avocado, star fruit, Duku, durian, guava, papaya, banana, rambutan and bark.There are 6 types of local vegetables that are available in more than 12 districts, namely large chilli, cayenne pepper, string beans, cucumber, eggplant and tomatoes.This discovery shows that some markets and centers of the fruit has a diversity of local fruits and vegetables are high.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Local Fruits Kab.Jember found in more than 20 districts

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Local Vegetable Kab.Jember found in more than 12 districts