Expert System Software to Identify Damages Cars with Forward Chaining Method

This study shows for the development of expert system software to identify damage to the car that can display information in the form of a solution of the damage. This system was developed using PHP and MySQL software. This system works to be able to present damage identification information on the car that can provide the most actual solution to the consul, as well as present a detailed report when consultations have been made. The purpose of this expert system is to facilitate car users in knowing damage to cars, as well as facilitate car users in identifying damage to cars, so they can update knowledge in the form of symptoms and damage. The diagnosis made by the counselor is: a counselor registers before making the diagnosis. Then answer the questions that have been provided. Furthermore, after making a diagnosis, the results can be printed through the printer.


I. Introduction
At this time, transportation is clearly a very basic need. Already many people use transportation to carry out their daily activities, mobility is almost impossible if they do not use transportation. Most people now have made cars as the main means of transportation. Using a car can save time and money to get to your destination. However, constraints often occur from the car that causes damage so that it can interfere with the activities to be carried out. Many car drivers do not know the damage constraints experienced by the car. The problem for motorists, who do not know the type of damage, will be very fatal if the type of damage is not immediate addressed.
In general, some motorists who do not understand the disturbance or damage to their car, tend to leave it to the mechanics, regardless of whether the damage is simple or too complicated to repair. With all the solid and full activities, especially in big cities, it has demanded the community to do everything quickly and accurately. Time has become the main capital that is very valuable. Maintenance that is usually done alone, and without having to come to the garage with the vehicle, will be very helpful, especially for people who do not know about automotive and do not have time to come to the garage to wait until the vehicle has been repaired.
The expert system is enough to help some of the problems that exist in everyday life. Therefore, at this time it is possible that the application of an expert system that can identify car damage will be of little help, especially for vehicle owners who are still unfamiliar with the type of car damage as well as the tight time and the presence of workshops that are still rare for remote areas. In order to provide a solution to a problem, it requires "Expert System Software to Identify Damage to the Car". as is usually done by experts. With an expert system, ordinary people can solve quite complex problems, even though the real thing can only be solved with the help of experts. For experts, this expert system will also help its activities as a very experienced assistant.
Forward chaining. forward tracking is a data driven (datadriven) approach. In this approach tracking starts with input information, and then tries to draw conclusions. Forward tracking looks for facts that are in accordance with the IF part of the IF-THEN rules.

Figure 1. Forward chaining process
Car. Ground vehicles driven by engine power, wheeled four or more (always even), usually using fuel oil (gasoline / diesel) to start the engine. The car stands for car comes from the Greek 'autos' (alone) and Latin 'movére' (move) (Wikipedia, 2014).
Cugnot's discovery of its use was seen lowly in its native France, and the discovery was continued to Britain, where Richard Trevithick ran a steam-wheelbarrow in 1801. The vehicle was considered strange at first, but discoveries in the decades that followed, such as hand brakes, multi-transmission speed, and increased speed and steering, make it a success. Today, America has more cars than any other country. Japan leads the car manufacturing, but the Japanese population cannot afford to run the car because of the scarce parking space and high fuel prices.
Relational. the most important part in a database. Relational is used to create relationships between logically related entities. Two different entities can have a relationship using relational.
Database. Ahmad Sholihin (2009: 1), Database is a collection of tables that relate to one another stored on computer hardware by using software to manipulate it.

System General Design.
System design procedures in general for the development of expert systems to identify damage to the car consists of several stages, including the design: a. Data The design of the intended data is the design of data relating to making applications, including:  Input data Including supporting data as input for making the system.  Output data From the input data, how the system will use to obtain new data as the system output.

b. Process
The design process that is intended is how the system will work, what processes are used, starting from the entry of input data which is then processed by the system to become output data.

c. Interface
Interface design here contains an explanation of the use of trees and their information as well as the data structure used by the system that has been built.

d. System Design Description.
The design of this system consists of several stages which will be described including: e. Data Design. In designing data, it is explained how the data contained in the system in accordance with its function as input data or system output data.

f. Symptom data Overheat
Symptoms: a. Oil leak b. The oil indicator light on the dash lights up c. Leaks in engine seals d. The engine works beyond the working temperature limit g. Preventive steps: Check the amount of oil regularly -check the cooling system -watch for temperature indicators when symptoms of knocking occur.

h. Water hammer
Symptoms: a. Water fills the combustion chamber. b. Water pressure destroys the weakest components in the combustion chamber. c. The entry of water into the combustion chamber. d. The engine works beyond the working temperature limit Preventive steps: Know the height of the air intake in the car before standing water -do not start the engine in flood conditions -open the spark plugs and start the engine to remove the water in the combustion chamber.

i. Timing belt
Symptoms:

Decision Table Analysis
Decision tables are used as a reference in making decision trees and the rules used. Based on the analysis of the problem of damage and symptoms above, the decision table in the expert system identifies the damage to the car can be seen in table1. Table 1. Decision Table   SYMPTOMS x G006 x G007 x G008 x G009 X G010 x G011 X G012 X G013 x X Damage description:

Analysis of the Tracking Method
The tracking method used in building an expert system to identify damage to the car is Forward Chaining. Using the Forward Chaining method, all symptom data and rules will be traced to obtain damage information detected by an expert system for identifying damage to the car.

Analysis of Search Methods
The search method used in building expert systems to identify damage to cars is the best-first-search method. The best-first-search search process checks all nodes (symptoms) until the destination node is found. This method is used to make the search process more effective, finding solutions without having to test more in a state space.

Decision Tree Analysis
Formation of a decision tree in the expert system to identify damage to the car using a binary tree. This decision tree combined with the best-first-search method, can be seen in Figure 1 below:

Design of Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Taking into account the data and information that will be used in the process of building this application, then two database designs are built that are interconnected by using the Entity Relational Diagram (ERD) tools

Database Creation
In making database design, the first step is to create the database itself, namely car damage. Then create tables to hold the data specified. The tables in the expert system to identify damage to the car are:

a. User table
Function to hold user data which consists of several fields, namely: userID and passID. The table can be seen in table.2.

Context Diagram Design
Context diagram is a general description of a system that is designed globally, which is a diagram that presents or illustrates the relationship between the system and the environment outside the system that affects system operation. The system is shown in an environment that describes the whole process in the system and its relationship with the entity. There are two entities that are directly connected to the system, the conceptor and the expert / admin. The context diagram of this expert system can be seen in Figure 3.4.

Data Flow Diagrams / Data Flow Diagrams
Data flow diagrams / data flow diagrams are graphical techniques that describe the flow of information and transformations that are applied when data moves from input to output.
Data flow diagrams are used to present a system or software at each level of abstraction. Data flow diagrams can be partitioned into levels that represent an increased flow of information. Data flow diagrams provide a mechanism for functional modeling and information flow modeling. Data flow diagrams for expert systems to identify damage to web-based cars are shown in figures 3.5 through figure 3.8.

a. Data flow diagram level 0
Level 0 data flow diagrams have four main processes with two entities (Expert / admin) and conceptualizer 7 kd_year char 4 Year code 8 noip varchar 15 Internet Protocol Number 9 date datetime Date of diagnosis b. Level 1 data flow diagram Level 1 data flow diagram illustrates the knowledge base processing including symptom data processing, damage data processing, symptom relation data processing and conceptual diagnosis.
c. Process 2 level 2 data flow diagram (expert / admin) Process 2 level 2 data flow diagram (expert / admin) is a decrease from level 1 data flow diagram that illustrates the processing of expert knowledge base including symptom data processing, damage data processing and data processing of damage-symptom relations.

d. Process 2 level 3 data flow diagram (draft)
Process 3 level 2 data flow diagram (conceptual) is a decrease from level 1 data flow diagram which illustrates the diagnostic process carried out by the conceptor.

Diagnosis Process
Displays questions in the form of symptoms that are in the database. In using the concept, it is enough to check True (Yes) or False (No) to answer the questions that are displayed. Displays questions in the form of symptoms in the database. In using the concept, it is enough to check True (Yes) or False (No) to answer the questions that are displayed. Processing data relation between damage and symptoms. The relationship between damage and symptoms needs to be done so that there is a synchronization between damage and symptoms. Determination of the rules used for the diagnosis process is also done here. The display page of the input relation damage and symptoms.

Diagnosis Results
The results of this diagnosis are the final output (output) of the diagnostic process that has been carried out by the counselor. This report displays the results of the diagnosis of damage to the car.

IV. Conclusion
After testing and analyzing the program, it can be concluded as a user system that has been made able to do the data reasoning process with the forward chaining method. Admin can do the process of adding data symptoms, damage and manage relationships. Admin can print reports that exist in the expert system identification of damage to the car. Expert system to identify damage to the car can make it easier for users to find solutions to the problem of car damage.
Suggestions from some conclusions that have been taken, then obtained suggestions that will help for the further development of this software. It is necessary to add data for damage and symptoms so that the information held will be more extensive and more extensive. In the admin system, if there is the addition of more complex data, the admin must design a more flexible database making it easier to perform system management. Training must be done so that the admin on this system can work faster. It is expected that this expert system must have system maintenance that will be carried out by the programmer himself. So that the system can work well.