Comoving Distance- Light Travel Distance (Treatise)

The discussion on the values of redshift, as well as blueshift, is based on a large increase in new evidence that in the whole volume of Universe there are gravitationally-bound objects (galaxies, clusters and super clusters of galaxies) „Using the Chandra and Hubble Space Telescopes we have now observed 72 collisions between galaxy clusters, including both ‘major’ and ‘minor’ mergers” (Harvey, 2015). That adds to a great diversity of galactic movement directions and their diverse appearances to an observer. The accent here is at the point of "clearing the early Universe" and asks questions about how these types of radiation could be measured if all galaxies were created in the early stages of Universe, which had started emitting these types of radiation. At the same time, some questions are asked about. With a redshift of 5.47, (Q0906 + 6930) light from this active galaxy is estimated to have taken around 12.3 billion light-years to reach us.. distance to this galaxy is estimated to be around 26 billion light-years (7961 Mpc). (NASA/IPAC, 2010) i.e., why the actual measured values of redshift are not applied.


I. Introduction
The article deals with the newest measured data for the most distant galaxies with a significant redshift, for which there are two values, co-moving distance -light travel distance.
A special attention is dedicated to the difference between a value of redshift and the transformation into a distance below 13, 8 Gly, distance 28.85 Gly (8.85 Gpc) (co-moving); 12.9 Gly (4.0 Gpc) (light travel distance ULAS J1120+0641).
As a starting point of this discussion I use the mainstream claims that the first types of radiation originated 320.000 -380.000 years after a hypothetical beginning or creation of Universe and the spreading speed of Universe is always lower than the spreading speed of radiation (waves).
The method of verification is the usage of a sequence of relations with mainstream evidence in a single place to eliminate the possibility of manipulation with data and conclusions. To speed up the release of this article, I will use tables and photographies already published in my articles , , ,  and used in discussing other topics.

Values of Blueshift and Redshift Presentation
For already some time science faces the problem of redshift value, which is determined very differently at the same distances; also, for the same value of redshift (z) there are very different distances and the speeds of withdrawal from (and approaching to) an observer, in the whole volume of Universe. Nowadays, as well as in the early stages of discovering new galaxies, the existence of blueshift has been ascribed and related only to the local group. There is a similar quantity of galaxies with redshift and blueshift in our local group.  . At the distances above 70 Mly the values of (mostly) blueshift or approaching (the galaxies seen from Earth) are annihilated, also due to the increase in distance, which is the Abell 1835 IR1916 10,0 13 200 Table 3. As redshift increases, the distance of the objects decreases, increases (faster or slower than "expected") or remains similar.  It is very well known in science that the intensity of radiation decreases due to the increase of distance (which is obvious when at night we look at the stars with bare eyes).
"The pressure of the electromagnetic radiation, measured in µPa (µN/m² and N/km²), is as follows: 915, on the distance of 0.10 AU (astronomical units) away from Sun; 43.3 on Mercury; 9.15 on Earth; 0.34 on Jupiter. Or, measured in pound-force per square miles (lbf/mi²): 526, 0.10 AU away from Sun; 24.9 on Mercury: 5.26 on Earth; 0.19 on Jupiter.
The average intensity of the solar radiation, in W/ m², is as follows: 9 116.4 on Mercury; 1 366.1 on Earth; 50.5 on Jupiter; 0.878 on Pluto. Wikipedia "The interaction of space and radiation directly influences the temperature of an object. On the following objects' surfaces it is as follows: 440°K on Mercury; 288°K on Earth; 152 on Jupiter16. The space around the objects has the same decreasing curve starting from the Sun towards the end of the system. The same goes for the dark side of the objects. The lowest temperature on Mercury is 100°K, on Uranus 49°K, on Pluto 28°K, in the Oort cloud 4°K. During observation, a compensation for the atmospheric influence and the interior temperature of an object needs to be taken into consideration, as these are the factors of interference when comparative data are being acquired" (Duckss, 2016).
Although this is common knowledge, astronomers do not apply it in determining the real distance of objects that are more or less distant in the volume of Universe and the increase of redshift is related only to the increase of distance (so-called speed of galaxies' withdrawal from an observer). The evidence mentioned above, which encompass the wholereachable with modern instrumentsvolume of Universe, point out that the increase of redshift is directly related to the decrease of the measured intensity of incoming waves and its value is corrected, depending on whether an object withdraws or approaches an observer. If these two values are applied, then the confusion that was created when applying only the increase of speed with the objects withdrawing further from us disappears.
"The probability density functions of the minimum and maximum order statistics of the transmuted logistic distribution are established and the relationships between the probability density functions of the minimum and maximum order statistics of the parent model and the probability density function of the transmuted logistic distribution are considered. The parameter estimation is done by the method of maximum likelihood estimation.
The digital twin allows reproduce all other indicators of the object by minimum key parameters. With this technology it is possible to solve various classes of tasks of diagnostics of object state, forecasting, optimization of operation, control." (Samuel, 2019) It has to be stated clearly that, due to this concept, we have neither realistic values of positioning the distances of objects nor the observed volume of Universe. The further the distance, the weaker are the radiation, while redshift increases and is not limited to predetermined fixed constructions that do not allow a realistic overview of Universe.

Comoving Distance-Light Travel Distance
We are going to check the reality of these parameters, which are strictly imposed to scientists, from the angle of very limiting factors, presented nowadays by the scientific mainstream, and convince ourselves in credibility of their application and the validity of results.
If all theories are excluded, picture 1 should approximately present real values of measurement of objects in Universe (as well as those objects that are going to be discovered in near future, due to the ongoing progress of technology). Mainstream science claims that 13,8 Gly is a total value of Universe, regardless of simultaneous evidence (claims).
"The proper distance for a redshift of 8.2 would be about 9.2 Gpc, or about 30 billion light years." "With a redshift of 5.47, (Harvey, 2015)(NASA/IPAC , 2010) light from this active galaxy is estimated to have taken around 12.3 billion light-years to reach us.. distance to this galaxy is estimated to be around 26 billion light-years (7961 Mpc) and data from published measurements: (Attila, 2009 With a redshift of 5.34, light from this galaxy is estimated to have taken around 12.5 billion years to reach us. But since this galaxy is receding from Earth, the present comoving distance is estimated to be around 26 billion light-years. ULAS J1120+0641 (at a comoving distance of 28.85 billion light-years) was the first quasar discovered beyond a redshift of 7.) UDFj-39546284 Subsequently it was reported (December 2012) to possibly be at a record-breaking redshift z = 11.9 using Hubble and Spitzer telescope data, including Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF). UDFy-38135539 The light travel distance of the light that we observe from UDFy-38135539 (HUF.YD3) is more than 4 billion parsecs (13.1 billion light years), and it has a luminosity distance of 86.9 billion parsecs (about 283 billion light years).
There are a number of different distance measures in cosmology, and both "light travel distance" and "luminosity distance" are different from the comoving distance or "proper distance" generally used in defining the size of the observable universe [16][17] (comoving distance and proper distance are defined to be equal at the present cosmological time, so they can be used interchangeably when talking about the distance to an object at present, but proper distance increases with time due to the expansion of the universe, and is the distance used in Hubble's law. EGS-zs8-1 The galaxy has a comoving distance (light travel distance multiplied by the Hubble constant, caused by the metric expansion of space) of about 30 billion light years from Earth. Z8 GND 5296 Due to the expansion of the universe, this position is now at about 30 billion light-years (9.2 Gpc) (comoving distance) from Earth. Q0906 + 6930 But since this galaxy is receding from Earth at an estimated rate of 285,803 km/s (Harvey, 2015) (the speed of light is 299,792 km/s), the present (co-moving) distance to this galaxy is estimated to be around 26 billion light-years (7961 Mpc).

GN-108036
The redshift was z = 7.2, meaning the light of the galaxy took 12.9 billion years to reach Earth and therefore its formation dates back to 750 million years after the Big Bang . Redshift z=7.213.
The existence of redshift above the value (z) 5 pointed out that if (z) continues to grow, the concept of mainstream -13,8 Gly (Big Bang)is going to fall apart. Nowadays, the instruments register the value (z) of 11,9. When there is an overwhelming resistence from reactionary institutions and scientists, despite the newest measurements, then there appear unbelievable new ideas that do not belong to physics nor they represent science. The theme that is discussed here is one of them. If there was a Big Bang, all the waves from that time should be approaching from a single direction, as shown in the figure 2. If radiation started for the first time 320 000 -380 000 years after the explosion, during the so-called period of clearing the compact thick mass, then that radiation is impossible to measure today, no matter what mathemathical method may be used in the process. The reason to it is that all galaxies are created inside that mass that started emitting radiation. Since mainstram science also disagrees with the idea that the expansion of Universe or matter movement was faster than the spreading speed of waves in the space (which is still dubbed vacuum by the same mainstream), it can be seen that so-called measurements from that time are impossible to have been done.

Figure 3. The Early Universe 320,000-380,000 years after the Big Bang, points 1-4 of Milky Way
We measure the objects, the age of which is estimated by mainstream to be withdrawn into past approximately as far as to the so-called early Universe, when the emission of radiation started. Points 1-4 in the so-called early Universe are some of the positions where our galaxy originated (Milky Way: 13.8 ± 4 billion years is age for BD +17° 3248; about 13.5 billionyears-old, 2MASS J18082002-5104378 B..).
Within the most distant galaxies must be objects of similar age. Milky Way has a redshift (z) 0, the outermost galaxies have a redshift (z) 11.
Early Universe is also related to a small diameter, because the expansion has been taking place during all 13,8 Gly, due to which a contemporary volume of Universe should be created. If it was true that this small diameter of Universe started emitting radiation, besides the need for it to arrive from a single direction, it would have been obvious that this radiation left socalled early Universe with a diameter of only four times the diameter of our galaxy (under the condition that the expansion had been taking place at the speed of light). The universe has about 100 billion galaxies.
The deepest radiation of the early Universe needed to travel through only 200.000 ly in order to leave our Universe. The other problem is that the mainstream claims that Universe spreads ever faster, because the most distant galaxies show the most important redshift.
However, it is forgotten here that the mainstream also claims the most distant galaxies are the oldest galaxies.
GN-108036 The redshift was z = 7.2, meaning the light of the galaxy took 12.9 billion years to reach Earth and therefore its formation dates back to 750 million years after the Big Bang Redshift z=7.213.
GN-z11 ≈32 billion ly (9.8 billion pc) (present proper distance); ≈13.4 billion ly (4.1 billion pc) (light-travel distance); Helio radial velocity 295.050 ± 119.917 km/s. So, what is correct here: that the most distant galaxies withdraw at the fastest speed, or that the oldest galaxies had been withdrawing at the fastest speed?
If the most distant galaxies are at the same time the oldest, then the fastest were the galaxies in the far past, so-called protogalaxiesand that is opposite to the claim that Universe spreads ever faster.
The next table shows that radiation incoming from the distances of more than 12 Gly from all directions of the volume of Universe are measured.  Table 4. The direction of the farthest galaxies within the Universe distance 12,2 -13,3 G ly  The table shows galaxies from 00h 14m 24.927s to 22h 28m 12.26 s equatorial and −35° 09′ 59.4″ to +70° 14′ 35.8″ to the north/south from the celestial equator. Namely the measurements of galactic distances, advocated by the mainstream, indicate that similar distances are measured in all directions. These measurements represent the volume of Universe as being opposite to their claims of total maximum age of Universe of 13,8 Gly. The forms of radiation (measured recently) above 12 Gly approach from all parts of the volume. Now, from the table that recalculates real distances above 5 (z) and less into Big Bang constructs, it is again obvious that the diameter of Universe is twice as big as 13,8 Gly. When "real" values of correct interpretation of redshift are included (With a redshift of 5.47, (Harvey, 2015)(NASA/IPAC , 2010) (Q0906 + 6930) light from this active galaxy is estimated to have taken around 12.3 billion light-years to reach us.. distance to this galaxy is estimated to be around 26 billion light-years (7961 Mpc). (Wikipedia) there is another problem. 12,3 billion light-years multiplied with 2 makes 24,6 billion light-years, which is by 1,4 Gly less, if a limiting condition that radiation and expansion have been moving at the same speed is taken into consideration. The same difference continues to grow when (z) grows: ULAS J1120+0641 Redshift 7.085± 0.003 (Harvey, 2015); distance 28.85 Gly (8.85 Gpc) Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Volume 2, No 1, January 2020, Page: 1-12 e-ISSN: 2655-7827 (Online), p-ISSN: 2655 www. bircu-journal.com/index.php/birex emails: birex.journal@gmail.com birex.journal.qa@gmail.com (co-moving) (NASA/IPAC, 2010); 12.9 Gly (4.0 Gpc) (light travel distance), the difference is 3,05, UDFy-38135539 (z) 8,6; The light travel distance of the light that we observe from UDFy-38135539 (HUF.YD3) is more than 4 billion parsecs (Duckss, 2013) (13.1 billion light years), and it has a luminosity distance of 86.9 billion parsecs (about 283 billion light years), the difference is 270 Gly.
For the distance of 0,7 Gly Musket Ball Cluster there is a value of 0,53 (z), while the difference here is 10,63 Gly. The difference of (z) 10,63 matches Abell 1835 IR1916 which has (z) 10 and recommended age (distance) of 13,2 Gly. Let us repeat that: "The proper distance for a redshift of 8.2 would be about 9.2 Gpc, or about 30 billion light years." "With a redshift of 5.47, (Q0906 + 6930) light from this active galaxy is estimated to have taken around 12.3 billion light-years to reach us.. distance to this galaxy is estimated to be around 26 billion light-years (7961 Mpc). (Attila, 2009) The rotation of Universe (instead of expansion) that is based on the similar principles as the rotation of clusters of galaxies or stars, is also unable to accept such confused data, because there are no very significant deviations by the volume of cluster. The internal galaxies move slower than the external ones, but make a single orbital cycle approximately at the same time. Under these conditions the measured value of redshift (z) and current distance between the measured objects are approximately the same. In the case Universe would be rotating, its diameter is presented in the table 4 and if the definition of redshift value, according to the mainstream, is used, the diameter goes above 25 Gly.
When including the decrease of wave intensity (with the increase of speed, currently used by the mainstream) as a dominant value in determining distances of objects in Universe, it would completely remove the existence of two values of interpreting distance or Comoving distance-light travel distance. Also, the obstacles to calculate real values of redshift would be gone. Very large quantity of objects (measured recently) will be the part of the volume of our Universe, a part of them will be waves incoming from the neighboring universes (our local group of universes).
"By applying the analogy of the ascending sequence of events, the more we are distanced from the source of radiation, the lower are the temperatures. Between the multi-universes, they are a bit closer to the absolute zero. The temperatures decrease as the wholes grow. An endlessly large volumetric belt of energy is expanding after the last ascending whole and the temperature there is absolute zero.
By the analogy, inside this belt there is an endless quantity of the wholes, similar to that one, but it is very likely that the whole with the absolute zero temperature in it could be the outer and the last whole in the hierarchy that goes further into the 3-D infinity (at least the infinity as humankind understands it)." (Duckss, 2013)
Confronting the evidence, that in recent time there are 200 000 of merging or colliding galaxies and have blueshift among themselves, some people are persistent in continuing that the increase of the galactic speed exclusively affects the value of redshift. A significant sum of evidence states there is also a redshift in those galaxies that are approaching to an observer (but only those that are further than 70 Mly away, while those that are closer than that register a blueshift).
By continuing to use such a platform, unbelievable fabrications occur, which have no place in physics. They distort real measurements and instead of science they try to incorporate into physics some "values" that do not belong to it.
Measurements should be presented exclusively within realistic values and there is no need for subsequent embellishments to preserve such structures that exceed the limits of physics.
It is necessary to determine real values of the influence of the radiation intensity weakening (with a constant and slow increase of speed of the distant galaxies in their orbits inside Universe) within the redshift value. The clusters of galaxies have rotations that are different from zero and due to their constant orbital rotation it seems to an observer that galaxies have very different directions of movement. Generally, they travel in the orbit of their cluster, as a dot on a planet, a star that rotates together with its planet inside their galaxy, which rotates further in its cluster and that cluster within its supercluster and finally all together rotate in Universe.