The Development of Reading Materials in School Literacy Movements for Senior High School Students Based on Local Culture of Karo

Literacy has the meaning and implications of basic reading and writing skills to acquire and manipulate knowledge through written texts, from metalinguistic analysis of grammatical units to the structure of oral and written texts. This study deals with the development of reading materials in school literacy movements for senior high school students based on local culture of Karo. The type of this study is development study that is the development of short story text reading materials based on character education as an ingredient in the school literacy movement. This development study refers to the development theory proposed by Borg and Gall. The conclusion of this study is the feasibility of reading material in the school literacy movement for senior high school students based on local culture of Karo is eligible and suitable to be used as reading material, based on the assessment of material experts, and design experts. The results of the assessment based on the responses of teachers and students in the Senior High School 1 of Berastagi concluded that reading material in the school literacy movement for senior high school students based on local culture of Karo had been found to be effective because it met the needs and overall criteria "very good".


I. Introduction
Reading is one aspect of language skills which is important in the development of one's knowledge in learning and everyday life. Many reading material is a source of information such as books, newspapers, magazines, tabloids that can be easily obtained by students and the public. However, the ability of a reader determines how much information they receives.
The results of a recent study conducted by PISA (2015) that Indonesian students' reading comprehension was still relatively low. PISA shows Indonesia is ranked 64th out of 72 participating countries (OECD, 2017). From these results it can be concluded that the practice of education carried out in schools has not shown the function of the school as a learning organization that seeks to make all citizens become skilled at reading to support school citizens as lifelong learners.
Regarding reading, the initial problem was based on interviews conducted with the teacher of the Indonesian Language Study at Senior High School 1 Berastagi (March 11, 2017), which stated that not all students care about making personal reading lists and filling in class reading lists. The reading list is intended to function to share advice and find friends whose reading preferences are the same. This type of record helps to identify certain groups and activities, as well as enliven the class taught, which in turn can help increase students' interest in reading.
Turmiati (2018) in her research entitled "Differences in the Ability to Read and Write Students in KTSP 'Schools and with K13" revealed the main problem in reading learning in schools today is reading learning is still carried out carelessly. Bad habits can be seen from the mind (cognition) to act and behave towards something, object, or event that occurs in certain spaces. The above definition is arranged etymologically, wisdom is understood as a person's ability to use his mind in acting and acting as a result of an assessment of something, object, or event that occurs. As a term wisdom is often interpreted as 'wisdom'. Local spatially refers to limited interaction space with a limited value system.

III. Research Methods
This research was conducted at Senior High School 1 Berastagi in class X students. The reason for choosing this school was that there had never been any research on the same problem. The type of this research is development research that is the development of short story text reading materials based on character education as an ingredient in the school literacy movement. This development study refers to the development theory proposed by Borg and Gall.

IV. Discussion
The process of developing reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo was carried out in several stages namely preliminary study, initial product development and product testing.

Stage I Preliminary Study
The needs analysis in the development research began by distributing a questionnaire of needs analysis to 32 class X students and 2 Indonesian language teachers in Senior High School 1 Berastagi on reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo. The search results from the questionnaire aims to make the reading material developed in accordance with the needs of Senior High School 1 Berastagi students.
Data obtained from the analysis of needs by teachers and students obtained the following conclusions.
1. A total of 71.87% of students from 32 students rarely knew the type of tradition in Batang district (found in the Karo area), 56.25% of students stated that they did not know the Karo tradition because they were not introduced by parents, 93.75% of students thought that tradition is one of the cultural heritages that needs to be maintained, 90.63% said that they needed reading books on culture, 62.5% needed readings that contained moral lessons to instill cultural values, 90.63% hoped that reading materials that would be developed would be useful for learning materials , and student needs related to the presentation or design of reading material. 2. As many as 100% of teachers from two Indonesian language teachers thought that children still rarely knew the culture in their area, 50% said that children did not know their culture because they were not introduced by parents and 50% stated because of a lack of interest in children, 100% The teacher states that tradition is one of the cultural heritages that needs to be maintained, 100% of teachers need a reading book on tradition, 50% of teachers want reading material that has moral lessons to instill cultural values in children and 50% want reading material that has elements knowledge, as many as 100% of teachers hope that reading materials that are useful

Stage II Initial Product Development
The initial product development was carried out first by designing contents in the local Karo-based reading material for the school literacy movement. The content of reading material is some of the local customs / traditions of Karo. Some of the local cultures of Karo contain information related to Karo Culture, starting from the stages of the cultural walk and the purpose of the culture.
The development of the initial product of reading material based on the local culture of Karo as an ingredient in the school literacy movement began with the cover of reading material, information regarding Karo scripts, and some information regarding Karo local culture.
The cover is designed according to the conditions of the Karo Land which is famous for its natural fertility. The color and design of the cover is adapted to the natural fertility depicted by a beautiful forest. Karo traditional house is also displayed on the cover. This illustrates that the reading material developed is based on the local culture of Tanah Karo, so students are interested in reading information about their own culture. The cover also contains the role of the product developed which reads "School Literacy Movement Based on Karo Culture". This means that the product developed acts as a school literacy movement that contains the cultural content of Tanah Karo. The back cover of the reading material has the same color and style as the front cover. The front and back cover images can be seen below.

Figure 1. Cover of Reading Material
The initial part of the reading material based on the local culture of Karo as a material for the school literacy movement contains Karo characters, commonly referred to as "Indung Surat (main letter)". Parent Letters consist of twenty two letters with twenty two different sounds. More details on the picture can be seen below. Part of the contents of the local culture-based reading material of Karo as a material for the school literacy movement includes some of the local cultural content of Karo. Local culture contained in reading material can be in the form of information about culture or a stage of the running of a custom / tradition in Karo. One of the content on reading material that is information about Karo culture can be seen in the picture below. The image is one of the contents of the reading material developed. Karo cultural information about Merge Silima on reading material is only to inform the reader about the Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Volume 2, No 3, August 2019, Page: 269-288 e-ISSN: 2655-1470(Online), p-ISSN: 2655-2647 www.   The local culture contained in the reading material in the form of a stage in which a custom / tradition runs in Karo, one of which is the "Customary Marriage of the Karo Community". Customary marriage is first explained before arriving at the explanation of the marriage stages of the Karo community. The appearance of this tradition can be seen in the picture below.  The reading material based on the local culture of Karo as a material for the school literacy movement developed contains eleven local cultural contents of Karo which are explicitly presented on reading material. The titles of the cultures contained in the reading material developed are as follows. All traditional content in the local Karo-based literature as material for the school literacy movement was closed with a column of opinions and experiences according to the reading. Next, there is a teacher / literacy team evaluation column. The appearance of the opinion column on the reading material can be seen in the picture below.

Figure 8. Opinion Column and Teacher Evaluation / Literacy Team Column
The thing that was done after designing the local culture-based reading material for Karo as a material for the school literacy movement was to carry out product validation by material experts, and design experts. The final step is to assess the teacher and students of the local culture-based reading material of Karo as an ingredient in the school literacy movement. This assessment was conducted by two Indonesian language teachers in Senior High School 1 Berastagi and 32 students at the school.
The product testing phase was carried out three times, namely individual trials (3 students), small group trials (9 students) and limited field trials (32 students). Individual trials obtain an average score of 76% with good criteria. Small group trials obtained an average value of 83.33% with very good criteria. Furthermore, limited field trials obtain an average value of 89.84% with very good criteria.

Feasibility of Reading Materials Based on the Local Culture of Karo
The feasibility of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo was obtained from the results of validation and assessment provided by material experts and design experts. Each expert consists of two people and in each aspect of the overall assessment is determined by the average score of the assessment criteria of each expert. Through the results of the assessment, it was then analyzed to determine the feasibility of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo to be tested on students. After that, the product is given to the teacher to find out the results of the assessment and the advice given. In the final stage, individual trials were carried out, small group trials and limited field trial trials were assessed based on aspects and indicators of assessment. The results of the assessment aspects obtained will be described as follows.
Validation of the product is intended to determine the opinions of material experts about the feasibility of content, the feasibility of presentation, and language assessment. This validation was carried out by Dr. Wisman Hadi, S.Pd., M.Hum and Dr. Pulumun Peterus Ginting, S.Sn., M.Sn. who are the Lecturer at Medan State University. The assessment was carried out to obtain information on the quality of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo. The assessment of the feasibility of presentation according to material experts was considered "very good" with an average percentage of 84%. Data from the results of material expert validation on the feasibility of presentation can be seen in the following table. Language assessment aspects according to material experts are considered "very good" with a total percentage of 84.60%. Data on the results of material expert validation on aspects of language can be seen in the table below.  An expert validator who validates the design of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Tanah Karo is Dr. Evi Eviyanti, M.Pd., and Dr. Mursid, S.T., M.Pd., who are the lecturer at Medan State University. The assessment of the reading material design was carried out to improve the quality of the reading material developed. The results of the validation of the reading material by the design experts concluded that the reading material developed was in the criteria of "very good" with a total average percentage of 84.75%. Data from the validation of reading material design experts can be seen in the table below.

Use of Reading Materials Based on Karo Local Culture
The use of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo was obtained from the results of the assessment of responses or perceptions given by two Indonesian language teachers and 32 students of senior high school 1 Berastagi. Each aspect of the overall assessment is determined by the average score of the teacher / student respondent's indicators / statements. Through the results of the assessment, it was then analyzed to determine the use of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo. The results of the assessment aspects obtained based on the results of teacher and student responses to reading material in the school literacy movement will be described as follows. The results of the teacher's response to reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo developed had an average percentage of 90.18% with the criteria of "very good". This means that the reading material that has been developed can meet the demands of the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo which is the culture of the students themselves in senior high school 1 Berastagi The stage of testing the reading material through 3 trial processes, namely: 1) individual trials, 2) small group trials, and 3) limited field trials. The results of the trials carried out can be described as follows. The results of the assessment of individual trials above concluded that the reading material developed was included in the criteria of "good" with a total average percentage of 76%. Individual trials were carried out to determine students' initial responses and to identify product shortages of products developed before small group trials were conducted. The results of a small group trial about students' perceptions of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo that had been developed showed an average percentage of 83.33% with the criteria of "very good". These results are obtained after an improvement or revision of individual trials so that the reading material is revised back from the material arrangement and the use of language that is easier for students to understand.  Figure 9. Comparison of Student Assessments on Individual, Small Group and Limited Field Trials Based on the picture above diagram can be seen the comparison of the results of individual, small group, and limited field trials. The percentage of students' perceptions on individual trials of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the developed local culture of Karo shows an average percentage of 76% with the criteria of "good". Students' perceptions of small group trials showed an average percentage of 83.33% with the criteria of "very good". Students' perceptions of limited field trials show an average percentage of 89.84% with the criteria of "very good". It was concluded that the results of the trials always increase at each stage. This means that the use of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on the local culture of Karo is very effective.

V. Conclusion
The development of reading material is based on research and preliminary information gathering, planning, initial product development, material content validation and design, product revision, assessment and advice of language teachers and students, revisions, individual trials, revisions, small group trials, revisions, trials limited field, revisions to valid and feasible products.
The feasibility of reading material in the school literacy movement for high school students based on local culture in Karo is eligible and worth to be used as reading material, based on the assessment of material experts, and design experts. The results of the material expert validation included the eligibility of content with an average of 88.33% on the criteria of "very good", the feasibility of presentation with an average of 84% on the criteria of "very good", aspects of language with an average of 84.60% on the criteria of "very good", the average overall aspect is 85.64% on the criteria of "very good", and the validation of design experts with an average of 84.75% on the criteria of "very good".
The use of reading material in the school literacy movement for senior high school students based on the local culture of Karo fulfills the requirements and is effectively used as a reading material. The results of the teacher's response to reading material in the school literacy movement for senior high school students based on the local culture of Karo developed