Tax Revenues Determinants: Empirical Study Based on World, Regional, and Income Levels of Data
Abstract
Tax revenue in many countries is influenced by many factors. Many research had been done to determine which factors affect tax revenue with different data sample. This research contribution is to complete them. By using panel data of 134 countriesfrom 2002 to 2018 this research analyze the impact of share of agriculture in GDP, share of industry in GDP, share of service in GDP, per capita income, inflation rate, exchange rate, trade opennes, urban population, government effectiveness, political stability, quality of regulation, control of corruption, rule of law, and voice and accountability to tax revenue. This research also uses another panel data model based on different regional and income classifications. The result is that in overall countries model, all variables except inflation rate and control of corruption have significant effect to tax revenue. Different results also found in different models based on regional and income classification.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abhimanyu, Y. (2004). Understand foreign exchange rates. Jakarta: FEUI.
Ackley, G. (1973). Macroeconomic Theory. Jakarta: UI Press.
Ahsan, S., & Wu, S. (2008). Tax Structure and Reform in China, 1979-2002. Mimeo Department of Economics, Concordia University, Canada.
Ajija, SR (2011). The Smart Way to Master Eviews. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Alesina, A., Ozler, S., Robini, N., & Swagel, P. (1996). Political Instability and Economic Growth. J Economic Growth 1(2), 189-211.
Ali, M., Sjursen, IH, & Fjelstad, O.-H. (2013). Factors affecting tax compliant attitude in Africa: Evidence from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa. Presented at: Center for the Study of African Economies (CSAE) Conference, Oxford 18 March 2013.
Allingham, MG, & Sandmo, A. (1972). Income tax evasion: a theoretical analysis. Journal of Public Economics 1, 323-338.
Alm, J., McClelland, GH, & Schulze, WD (1992). Why do people pay taxes? Journal of Public Economics 48, 21-38.
Alm, M., & Torgler, B. (2011). Do Ethics Matter? Tax Compliance and Morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 101, 635-651.
Andriani, PJ (2000). Tax and Development. Jakarta: UI Press.
Ansari, M. (1982). Determinants of Tax Ratio: A Cross Country Analysis. Economics and Political Weekly Vol. 17 No. 25, 1035-1042.
Arsyad, L. (1999). Introduction to regional economic planning and development. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Bahl, R. (2003). Reaching the Hardest to Tax: Consequences and Possibilities. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
Basuki, AT, & Prawoto, N. (2016). Regression Analysis in Economics and Business Research. Depok: Rajagrafindo Persada.
Bird, RM, Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Torgler, B. (2004). Societal Institutions and Tax Effort in Developing Countries. International Studies Program Working Paper, 4-6.
Bird, R., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Torgler, B. (2008). Tax effort in developing countries and high income countries: The impact of corruption, voice and accountability. Economic analysis and Policy, 38(1), 55-71.
Cahyowati, N. (2011). Tax Compliance Moral Model: Individual Taxpayers. JAAI 15(2), 161-177.
Chaudhry, IS, & Munir, F. (2010). Determinants of Low Tax Revenue in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences.
Chelliah, RJ, Baas, HJ, & Kelly, MR (1975). Tax Ratios and Tax Effort in Developing Countries. IMF Staff Papers 22(1), 187-205.
Cowell, FA, & Gordon, JP (1988). Unwillingness to pay: Tax evasion and public good provision. Journal of Public Economics 36, 305-321.
Coyne, CJ, & Leeson, PT (2005). Media as a Mechanism of Institutional Change and Reinforcement. Kyklos, 62(1), 1-14.
Diodes, L. (2012). Structural determinants of tax revenue in Latin America and the Caribbean 1990-2009. Mexico, DF: CEPAL.
Dutta, N., & Roy, S. (2009). The Role of Foreign Direct Investment on Press freedom. Kyklos, 2(2), 239-257.
Edwards, S., & Tablelini, G. (1991). Explaining fiscal policies and inflation in developing countries. Journal of International Money and Finance Vol 10(1, Supple), 16-48.
Ehrhart, H. (2009). Assessing the relationship between Democracy and Domestic taxes in developing countries. CERDI, Etudes et Documents, E.30.
Elthony, MN (2002). Determinants of Tax Efforts in Arab Countries. Arab Planning Institute Working Paper 207.
Farhadian-Lorie, Z., & Katz, M. (1989). Fiscal Dimensions of Trade Policy. Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth in Developing Countries - IMF, 276-306.
Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics Ed 5. London: Sage Publication Ltd.
Fjeldstad, OH, & Semboja, J. (2001). Why people pay taxes: The case of the development levy in Tanzania. World Development 29, 2059-2074.
Gaalya, MS (2015). Trade Liberalization and tax Revenue Performance in Uganda. Modern Economic Journal Vol. 6 No.2.
Ghosali, I., & Ratmono, D. (2013). Multivariate analysis and econometrics: Theories, concepts, and applications with Eviews 8. Semarang: BP Diponegoro University.
Ghozali, I. (2013). Multivariate Analysis Application with SPSS Program. Semarang: Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Ghura, D. (1998). Tax Revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of Economic Policies and Corruption. IMF Working Paper 98/135.
Gujarati, DN (1992). Essentials of Econometrics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gujarati, DN, & Porter, DC (2009). Basic Econometric Fifth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
Gupta, USA (2007). Determinants of Tax Revenue Efforts in Developing Countries. IMF Working Papers.
Haggard, S., & Lydia, T. (2011). The Rule of Law and Economic Growth: Where are We? World Development, 39(5).
Hanno, DM, & Violette, GR (1996). An Analysis of Moral and Social Influences on Taxpayer Behavior. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 8, 57-75.
Holmstrom, B. (1999). Managerial incentive problems: A dynamic perspective. Review of Economic Studies, 66, 169–182.
Hyman, DN (2010). Public Finance: A Contemporary Application of Theory to Policy. USA South-Western: Cengage Learning.
Kasiram, M. (2008). Research methods. Malang: UIN Malang Press.
Kayano, S. (1996). Assessment of Urbanization in Southeast Asia. Yogyakarta: GMU Press.
Kemal, MA (2007). A Fresh Assessment of the Underground Economy and Tax Evasion in Pakistan: Causes, Consequences and Linkages with the Formal. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
Keynes, JM (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. Cambridge: Macmillan Cambridge University Press.
Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., & Wahl, I. (2008). Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance: The slippery slope framework. Journal of Economic Psychology, 65(260), 210-225.
Krugman, PR, & Obstfeld, M. (2000). International Economic Theory And Policy. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Labys, WC (1973). Dynamic Commodity Models. Lexington: Lexington Books.
Leuthold, JH (1991). Tax Shares in Developing Countries: A Panel Study. Journal of Development Economics Vol 35, 173-185.
Lotz, JR, & Morss, ER (1970). A Theory of tax Level Determinants for Developing Countries. The University of Chicago Press Journals: Economic Culture and Development Change Vol. 8 No. 3, 328-341.
Lutfunnahar, B. (2007). A Panel Study on Tax Effort and Tax Buoyancy with special reference to Bangladesh. Policy Analysist Unit Research Department Bangladesh Bank.
MacCaleb, TS (1976). Tax Evasion and the Differential Taxation of Labor and Capital Income. Public Finance 31(2), 287-294.
MacKerchar, M., & Evans, C. (2009). Sustaining growth in developing economies through improved taxpayer compliance: Challenges for policy makers and revenue authorities. eJournal of Tax Research 7, 171-201.
Madura, J. (2008). International Corporate Finance 9th Ed. Singapore: Thomson South-Western.
Mahdavi, S. (2008). The Level and Composition of Tax Revenue in Developing Countries: Evidence from unbalanced panel data. International review of Economics and Finance, 17, 607-617.
Mangkoesoebroto, G. (2001). Public Economics, Ed 3. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Mankiw, NG (2007). Macroeconomics, Sixth Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Mardiasmo. (2016). Taxation (Revised Edition). Yogyakarta: Andi.
McGee, TG (1971). The Urbanization Process in the Third World: Explorations in Search of a Theory. London: Bell and Sons Ltd.
McGee, TG (1991). The emergence of rural regions in Asia: expanding a hypothesis. In NT Ginsburg, & B. Koppel, The extended metropolis: Settlement transition in Asia (pp. 3-25). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Financial Media. (2019). Financial Media Vol XIV No. 138 March 2019. Jakarta: Ministry of Finance.
Muhammad, SD, & Ahmed, QM (2010). Determinant of Tax Buoyancy: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries. European Journal of Social Science Vol 13, 408.
Nachrowi, ND, & Usman, H. (2006). Econometrics A Popular and Practical Approach to Economic and Financial Analysis. Jakarta: FEUI Publishing Agency.
OECD. (2020). Revenue Statistics 2020: Tax Revenue Trends in the OECD. Paris: OECD.
Partadireja, A. (1990). Introduction to Economics. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Persson, A. (2008). The institutional sources of statehood - Assimilation, multiculturalism and, taxation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Doctoral Thesis, Gothenburg University.
Piancastelli, M. (2001). Measuring the Tax Effort of Developed and Developing Countries: Cross Country Panel Data Analysis. IPEA Working Paper No. 818.
Pigka-Balanika, V. (2013). The Impact of Trade Openness on Economics. Erasmus School of Economics Thesis Repository.
Plumper, T., & Martin, C. (2003). Democracy, government spending, and economic growth: A political-economic explanation of the Barro-effect. Public Choice, 117(2), 27-50.
Poterba, JM, & Rotemberg, JJ (1988). Inflation And Taxation With Optimizing Governments. NBER Working Paper.
Purnomowati, HD, Darwanto, DH, Widodo, S., & Hartono, S. (2015). Analysis of Indonesian Natural Rubber Demand in the International Market. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research 1(2), 136-148.
Rodríguez, VM (2018). Tax determinants revisited. An unbalanced data panel analysis. Journal of Applied Economics Vol. 21, 1-24.
Samuelson, PA, & Nordhaus, WD (2001). Microeconomics. New York: McGraw Hill.
Sayuti, MJ (1989). Introduction to Macroeconomics 2. Jakarta.
Now, U. (2015). Research Methods For Business. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Setiabudi, AW (2017). Optimal Tax Ratio and Economic Growth Rate in Indonesia 1970-2008. Journal of Accounting (2) FEB UKI Atmajaya, 151-179.
Seto, KC, Parnell, S., & Elmqvist, T. (2013). A Global Outlook of Urbanization. Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities, 1-12.
Sjafri, RS (2006). Analysis of Tax Revenue as a Function of Gross Domestic Product in Relation to Tax Buoyancy and Tax Elasticity in Indonesia. Thesis University of Indonesia.
Slemrod, J. (2007). Cheating Ourselves: The Economics of Tax Evasion. Journal of Economic Perspective 21, No. 1, 25-48.
Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into The Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations.
Smith, MB, & Blakeslea, MR (1995). Trade Language. Bandung: ITB.
Snavely, K. (1990). Governmental policies to reduce tax evasion: coerced behavior versus services and value development. Policy Sciences, 23, 57-72.
Stotsky, J., & Wolde Mariam, A. (1997). Tax Effort in Sub-Saharan Africa. Working Paper 107: International Monetary Fund.
Sugiyono. (2016). Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Bandung: Alphabeta.
Sukirno, S. (2002). Modern Macroeconomics. Jakarta: PT Rajawali Grafindo Persada.
Syadullah, M., & Wibowo, T. (2015). Governance and Tax Revenue in Asean Countries. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 76-88.
Tait, AA, Eichengreen, BJ, & Gratz, WL (1979). International Comparison of Taxation for Selected Developing Countries 1972-76. Staff Papers, International Monetary Fund, 123-156.
Tanzi, V. (1987). Quantitative Characteristics of the Tax System of Developing Countries. The Theory of Taxation for Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tanzi, V. (1992). Structural Factors and Tax Revenue in Developing Countries: A Decade of evidence. In I. Goldin, & LA Winters, Open Economies: Structural Adjustment and Agriculture (pp. 267-281). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tanzi, V., & Zee, H. (2001). Tax Policy for Developing Countries. IMF Economic Issues No. 27.
Teera, J. (2002). Determinants of Tax Revenue Share in Uganda. University of Bath Department of Economics.
Toder, E. (2007). What Is the Tax Gap? Tax Notes 22/10/2007 Urban Institute and Tax Policy Center, 1-12.
United Nations. (2006). World urbanization prospects: The 2005 revision. New York: United Nations.
Zhu, Y., Qi, X., Shao, H., & He, K. (2009). The Evolution of China's In Situ Urbanization and its Planning and Environmental Implications: Case Studies from Quanzhou Municipality. CICRED Paris, 214-245.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i2.5574
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 78 timesPDF - 12 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.