Study of Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 In Order to Minimize Tax Avoidance GAPS
Abstract
Tax avoidance is assumed to be one of the causes why the government could not achieve the tax revenues. On the other hand, it also lowers the tax ratio. The purpose of this study is to examine Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 in order to minimize tax avoidance loopholes. The research method used is qualitative with a thematic approach. The results of the study indicate that tax avoidance is an instrument to minimize tax payments by taking advantage of loopholes in the legislation. Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 is a provision issued by the government in order to provide convenience for taxpayers to be able to fulfill their tax obligations. In addition, the provision of a lower tariff of 0.5% is expected to increase disposable income. Furthermore, this disposable income can gradually increase gross domestic income, and further increase the taxation base in general. However, the application of Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 can be utilized by taxpayers to minimize the tax burden that must be paid. This study provides two important recommendations they are: further regulation regarding commercial operations, and provisions regarding freelance work.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, C., & Webley, P. (2001). Small business owners’ attitudes on VAT compliancein the UK. Journal of Economic Psychology, 22, 195–216. www.elsevier.com/locate/joep
Bastani, S., & Selin, H. (2014). Bunching and non-bunching at kink points of the Swedish tax schedule. Journal of Public Economics, 109, 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.09.010
Candela, M. A. (2013). Size-Dependent Policies and Firm Behavior.
Castleberry, A., & Nolen, A. (2018). Thematic analysis of qualitative research data: Is it as easy as it sounds? Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 10(6), 807–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2018.03.019
Gebresilasse, M. M., & Sow, S. (2015). Firm Response to VAT Registration Threshold in Ethiopia. http://www.columbia.edu/~ss3721/research.html
Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A Review of Tax Research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 127–178. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1476561
Harju, J., & Matikka, T. (2016). The elasticity of taxable income and income-shifting: what is “real” and what is not? International Tax and Public Finance, 23(4), 640–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-016-9393-4
Harju, J., Matikka, T., & Rauhanen, T. (2016). The Effects of Size-Based Regulation on Small Firms: Evidence from Vat Threshold. VATT Institute for Economic Research Working Papers. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2795920
Heide, J. C., & Aardal, K. Ø. (2017). Size management at regulatory thresholds by Norwegian companies. BI Norwegian Business School.
Hidayat, H., & Wijaya, S. (2022). Pengaruh Manajemen Laba dan Transfer Pricing terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Bina Ekonomi, 25(2), 155–173. https://doi.org/10.26593/be.v25i2.5331.61-79
Ichikawa, T., & Onji, K. (2019). Bunching of Small Businesses at the Value-AddedTax Threshold in Japan: Lessons for the 2019 Tax Hike (No. 19-10).
Irawan, F. (2022). Riset Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif Penghindaran Pajak: Metode Apa Yang Tepat Untuk Indonesia. Jurnalku, 2(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.54957/jurnalku.v2i1.128
Irawan, F., & Afif, A. R. (2020). Does firms’ life cycle influence tax avoidance? Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(1), 1211–1229.
Irawan, F., & Erdika, F. A. (2021). Analisis atas Penerapan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2018. Jurnal Pajak Indonesia, 5(1), 57–66.
Irawan, F., & Turwanto. (2020). The Effect of Tax Avoidance on Firm Value with Tax Risk as Moderating Variable. Test Engineering and Management, 83, 9697–9707.
Kanbur, R., & Keen, M. (2014). Thresholds, informality, and partitions of compliance. International Tax and Public Finance, 21(4), 536–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-014-9314-3
Kementerian Keuangan. (2019, February 25). Mengenal Rasio Pajak Indonesia. Https://Www.Kemenkeu.Go.Id/Publikasi/Berita/Mengenal-Rasio-Pajak-Indonesia/.
Kleven, H. J. (2016). Bunching. Annual Review of Economics, 8(1), 435–464. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015234
Kou, E., Sun, Y., & Yue, L. (2021). The response of small firms to VAT thresholds: evidence from China. Applied Economics Letters, 28(17), 1526–1530. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1830931
le Maire, D., & Schjerning, B. (2013). Tax bunching, income shifting and self-employment. Journal of Public Economics, 107, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.08.002
Li, L., Liu, K. Z., Nie, Z., & Xi, T. (2021). Evading by any means? VAT enforcement and payroll tax evasion in China. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 185, 770–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.10.012
Liu, L., & Lockwood, B. (2015). VAT notches. Annual Conference on Taxation and Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the National Tax Association, 1–51.
Liu, L., Lockwood, B., Almunia, M., & Tam, E. H. F. (2019). VAT Notches, Voluntary Registration, and Bunching: Theory and UK Evidence.
Liu, L., Lockwood, B., Almunia, M., & Tam, E. H. F. (2021). VAT Notches, Voluntary Registration, and Bunching: Theory and U.K. Evidence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 103(1), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00884
Luksic, J., & Mittal, S. (2019). Red Tape? The Revenue Impact of the VAT Filing Thresholds.
Mccormack, C. (2004). Storying stories: a narrative approach to in-depth interview conversations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 7(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570210166382
Muthitacharoen, A., Wanichthaworn, W., & Burong, T. (2021). VAT threshold and small business behavior: evidence from Thai tax returns. International Tax and Public Finance, 28(5), 1242–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-021-09672-3
Nurfauzi, E., Nuryakin, C., & Putra, B. (2019). Firms Bunching Response to Indonesian Income Tax Threshold. JEJAK Journal of Economics and Policy, 12(1), 153–167.
OECD. (2020). Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific Economies.
Onji, K. (2009). The response of firms to eligibility thresholds: Evidence from the Japanese value-added tax. Journal of Public Economics, 93(5–6), 766–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.12.003
Sabil, Pujiwidodo, D., & Lestiningsih, A. S. (2018). Pengaruh e-SPT Pajak Penghasilan dan Pemahaman Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Jurnal SIKAP, 2(2), 122–135.
Saez, E. (2010). Do taxpayers bunch at kink points? American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2(3), 180–212. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.2.3.180
Shah, M. M., et al. (2020). The Development Impact of PT. Medco E & P Malaka on Economic Aspects in East Aceh Regency. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). Volume 3, No 1, Page: 276-286
Sukaryo, & Oktavia. (2016). Analisis Penerapan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2013 Terhadap Beban Pajak Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi UMKM Di Indonesia Dengan Menggunakan Skema Gain/Loss. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 12(2), 128–144.
Suyani, E.-. (2017). Analisis Skema Presumptive Untuk Penghitungan Pajak Penghasilan Wajib Pajak UMKM Di Indonesia. Info Artha, 1(2), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.31092/jia.v1i2.132
Taqiyyuddiin, M. H., & Wijaya, S. (2021). Zero Exemption Threhold for Corporation as an Alternative to Increase VAT Revenue. Accounting Research Journal of Sutaatmadja (ACCRUALS, 5(2), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.35310/accruals.v5i02.865
Thuronyi, V. (2003). Comparative Tax Law. Kluwer Law International.
Thuronyi, V. (2005). Presumptive Taxation of the Hard-to-Tax (pp. 101–120). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0573-8555(04)68805-5
Tsubasa, Arudchelvan, M., & Onji, K. (2019). Bunching of Small Businesses at the Value-AddedTax Threshold in Japan: Lessons for the 2019 Tax Hike (pp. 1–31). Osaka University.
Waseem, M. (2022). The Role of Withholding in the Self-Enforcement of a Value-Added Tax: Evidence from Pakistan. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 104(2), 336–354. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00959
Wijaya, S., & Arumningtias, D. (2021). Preventing The Potential Tax Avoidancein Government Regulation Of The Republic Of Indonesia Number 23 Of 2018. Multicultural Education, 7(1), 288–301.
Wijaya, S., & Setiawan, A. (2021). Potensi Tax Avoidance terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 oleh Wajib Pajak Perseroan Terbatas. Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 5(2), 407–416.
Yasuda, T. (2005). Firm Growth, Size, Age and Behavior in Japanese Manufacturing. Small Business Economics, 24(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-7568-y
Zaki, F., Ginting, B., Devi, T. K., & Bariah, C. (2019). Analisis Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance) Yang Dilakukan Oleh Perusahaan Berdasarkan Hukum Pajak Di Indonesia. USU LAW JOURNAL, 7(6), 1–15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i3.6345
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 47 timesPDF - 20 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.