Composition of the Audit Committee Moderating the Whistleblowing, Corporate Governance System on Fraud

Yuha Nadhirah Qintharah, Fransisca Listyaningsih Utami

Abstract


This study examines the effect of the whistleblowing system and good corporate governance with the audit committee as a moderating variable on fraud prevention. The population used in this study are state-owned companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2014-2020. The research sample was obtained by using the purposive sampling method. Analysis of the data used to use logistic regression. The number of samples used in this study was 126 for seven years of research. The results obtained show that there is an influence between whistleblowing on fraud, there is an influence between corporate governance on fraud, the composition of the audit committee is not able to moderate the relationship between whistleblowing and fraud, and also the relationship between corporate governance and fraud.


Keywords


Fraud; whistleblowing; good corporate governance; audit committee

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbott, LJ, Parker, S. and Peters, GF (2004), "Audit committee characteristics and restatements", Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 69-87.

ACFE: Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (2020), “The fraud triangle”, available at: www.acfe.com/fraud-triangle.aspx (accessed 1Mei 2022).

Adiyudha, R., & Aminah, AN (2021). 70 persen kasus korupsi adalah suap. Republika.Co.Id. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qpcmp2384/70-persen-kasus-korupsi-adalah-suap

Afiezan, A., et.al. (2020). The Effect of Free Cash Flow, Company Size, Profitability and Liquidity on Debt Policy for Manufacturing Companies Listed on IDX in 2016-2019 Periods. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 3 (4): 4005-4018.

Agrawal, A. and Chadha, S. (2005), “Corporate governance and accounting scandals”, The Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 371-406.

AICPA Consideration of fraud in a financial statement audit. Statement on Auditing Standards AU 240 accessed from www.aicpa.org/content/dam/aicpa/research/standards/auditattest/downloadabledocuments/au-c-00240.pdf

Archambeault, DS, Webber, S. and Greenlee, J. (2015), “Fraud and corruption in US nonprofit entities: a summary of press reports 2008–2011”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 44 No. 6, pp. 1194-1224.

Aslam, N. (2022). Pencegahan Korupsi di Sektor BUMN dalam Perspektif Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia. Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi, 7(2), 359–372. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v7i2.818

Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. 2018, April. “Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse.” Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Available at https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/acfepublic/2018-report-to-the-nations.pdf

Baber, W., Kang, S. and Liang, L. (2005), “Strong boards, management entrenchment and accounting restatement”, Working paper, available in: www.ssrn.com

Beasley, MS (1996), “An empirical analysis of the relation between the board of director composition and financial statement fraud”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 71 No. 4, pp. 443-465.

Beasley, MS, Carcello, JV, Hermanson, DR and Neal, TL (2010), “Fraudulent financial reporting1998–2007: an analysis of US public companies”, Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission (COSO) report.

Bowen, RM, Call, AC and Rajgopal, S. (2010), “Whistle-Blowing: target firm characteristics and economic consequences”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 85 No. 4, pp. 1239-1271.

Cooper, D., Dacin, T. and Palmer, D. (2013), “Fraud in accounting, organizations and society: Extending the boundaries of research”, Accounting, Organization, and Society, Vol. 38 Nos 6/7, pp. 440-457.

Culiberg, B. and Miheli_c, KK (2016), “Three ethical frames of reference: insights into Millennials' ethical judgements and intentions in the workplace”, Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 94-111.

Erickson, J., Park, YW, Reising, J. and Shin, HH (2005), “Board composition and firm value under concentrated ownership: the Canadian evidence”, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 387-410.

Fama, EF and Jensen, MC (1983), “Separation of ownership and control”, Journal of Law & Economics, Vol. 26, pp. 301-25.

Farber, DB (2005), “Restoring trust after fraud: does corporate governance matter?”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 80 No. 2, pp. 539-561.

Ge, W., Koester, A. and McVay, S. (2014), “Assessing the accuracy of small firms' internal control disclosures”, Working paper, University of Washington and Georgetown University.

Ghozali, I. (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 21 Update PLS Regresi (7th ed.). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

International Standard on Auditing 240: The Auditors' Responsibility Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial statements. www.ifac.org/system/files/downloads/2008_Auditing_Handbook_B035_ISA_240_Redrafted.pdf accessed on 2 Mei 2022.

Jensen, MC and Meckling, WH (1976), “Theory of the firm: managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 4, pp. 305-60.

Katharina, N., et.al. (2021). Influence Capital Structure, Liquidity, Size the Company, Debt Policy and Profitability towards Corporate Value on Property Company, Real Estate and Building Construction Listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia Period 2016-2019. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 4 (2): 2241-2256.

Kihl, LA (2018), Sport Corruption: Causes, Consequences and Reform, Routledge, Oxford.

Kihl, LA, Skinner, J. and Engelberg, T. (2017), “Corruption in sport: understanding the complexity of corruption”, European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 1-5.

Kihl, LA, Ndiaye, M. and Fink, J. (2018), “Corruption's impact on organizational outcomes”, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 40-60.

Kihl, LA, Misener, KE, Cuskelly, G. and Wicker, P. (2020), “Tip of the iceberg? An international investigation of fraud in community sport”, Sport Management Review, Vol. 24 No. 1.

King, G. (1999), “The implications of an organization's structure on whistle-blowing”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 315-326.

Kipkoech, SR and Rono, L. (2016), “Audit committee size, experience and firm financial performa nce:evidence Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya”, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting.

KPK (2022), Portal Pengetahuan Antikorupsi, avalaible at: http://acch.kpk.go.id/berdasarkan-profesi/jabatan (accessed 30 Mei 2022).

Lee, G. and Xiao, X. (2018), “Whistleblowing on accounting-related misconduct: a synthesis of the literature”, Journal of Accounting Literature, Vol. 41, pp. 22-46.

Marciukaityte, Dalia, Samuel H. Szewczyk, Hatice Uzun, and Raj Varma. 2006. “Governance and Performance Changes after Accusations of Corporate Fraud.” Financial Analysts Journal 62:3, 32–41.

McMullen, DA and Raghunandan, K. (1996), “Enhancing audit committee effectiveness”, Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 182 No. 2, pp. 79-81.

Miceli, MP, Near, JP, Rehg, MT and Van Scotter, JR (2012), “Predicting employee reactions to perceived organizational wrongdoing: demoralization, justice, proactive personality, and whistle-blowing”, Human Relations, Vol. 65 No. 8, pp. 923-954.

Mohd, MR, Takiah, MI and Norman, MS (2009), “Audit committee characteristics in financially distressed and non -distressed companies”, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 24 No. 7, pp. 624-638.

Natalia, DL (2021). Indeks persepsi korupsi Indonesia pada 2020 melorot 3 poin. Antara News. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1972407/indeks-persepsi-korupsi-indonesia-pada-2020-melorot-3-poin#:~:text=Jakarta (ANTARA) - Indeks Persepsi,dari 180 negara yang disurvei.

Ndofor, Hermann A., Curtis Wesley, and Richard L. Priem. 2015. “Providing CEOs with Opportunities to Cheat: The Effects of Complexity-Based Information Asymmetries on Financial Reporting Fraud.” Journal of Management 41:6, 1774–1797.

Near, JP and Miceli, MP (1985), “Organizational dissidence: the case of whistle-blowing”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 1-16.

Near, J., & Miceli, M. (1995). Effective whistleblowing. Academy of Management Review, 20, 679–708.

Nickmanesh, S., Zohoori, M., Musram, HAM and Akbari, A. (2013), “Enterprise risk management and performance in Malaysia”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 5 No. 1.

Nuryan, I. (2016). Strategy development and implementation of good corporate governance (GCG) on BUMN and BUMD in Indonesia. AdBispreneur, 1(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v1i2.10237

Ohalehi, P. (2019), “Fraud in small charities: evidence from England and Wales”, Journal of Financial Crime, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 211-222, DOI: 10.1108/JFC-12-2017-0122.

Persons, OS (2009), “Audit committee characteristics and earlier voluntary ethics disclosure among fraud and no-fraud firms”, International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 284-297.

Reurink, A. (2018), “Financial fraud: a literature review”, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 32 No. 5, pp. 1292-1325.

Rezaee, Z. (2005), “Causes, consequences, and deterrence of financial statement fraud”, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 277-298.

Rice, Sarah C. and Weber, David P., How Effective is Internal Control Reporting Under SOX 404? Determinants of the (Non-)Disclosure of Existing Material Weaknesses (November 2, 2011). Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 50 No. 3, June 2012

Robert, WR, Khondkar, EK and Siyu, L. (2016), “The effects of board independence and CEO duality on firm performance: evidence from the NASDAQ-100 index with controls for endogeneity”, Journal of Applied Business and Economics, Vol. 18 No. 2.

Rothschild, J. (2013), “The fate of whistleblowers in nonprofit organizations”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 42 No. 5, pp. 886-901.

Saleh, A., Dalimunthe, A.H., and Lubis, F.H. (2019). Development of Banking CSR Model for Community Empowerment Slum Area in Medan City. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 2 (3): 39-50.

Smaili, N. and Arroyo, P. (2019), “Categorization of whistleblowers using the whistleblowing triangle”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 157 No. 1, pp. 95-117.

Smaili, N. and Labelle, R. (2016), “Corporate governance and accounting irregularities: Canadian evidence”, Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 625-653.

Susanto, VY (2021). ICW: Sepanjang 2020, kerugian negara akibat korupsi mencapai Rp 56,7 triliun.

Swamy, V. (2011), “Corporate governance and firm performance in an unlisted family-owned firm”, International Journal of Business Insights and Transformation, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 37-52.

Tan, PM and Ong, SF (2011), “Comparative analysis of whistleblower protection legislations in England, USA and Malaysia”, African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 5 No. 26, pp. 10446-10455.

Tsahuridu, E. and Vandekerckhove, W. (2008), “Organisational whistleblowing policies: making employees responsible or liable?”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 82 No. 1, pp. 107-118.

Uzun, H., Szewczyk, SH and Varma, R. (2004), “Board composition and corporate fraud”, Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 60 No. 3, pp. 33-43.

Vandekerckhove, W. and Phillips, A. (2019), “Whistleblowing as a protracted process: a study of UK whistleblower journeys”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 159 No. 1, pp. 201-219.

Zahra, SA, Priem, RL and Rasheed, AA (2007), “Understanding the causes and effects of top management fraud”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 122-139.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i4.7192

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 72 times
PDF - 33 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.