The Impact of Syrian Developments on the National Security of Neighboring Countries

Seyyed Mahmoud Seyyedi Damirchi, Muhammad Ridwan

Abstract


The aim of this research is to examine the political-security relations between Iran and Turkey in the context of developments in Syria from 2010 to 2019. Using a descriptive-analytical method and the theory of defensive realism (threat balance), this study shows that the developments in Syria during these years have profoundly affected the political-security relations between the two countries. Following the Syrian crisis and the emergence of extremist groups, the relationship between Iran and Turkey, which had moved towards competition and mild interaction from 2002 to 2010, shifted to a threat-oriented approach after 2010. Iran's support for Iranian-backed rebels and Turkey's position in the Western-Arab front aimed at overthrowing the Syrian regime have intensified the differences in viewpoints and approaches between the two countries.


Keywords


Political relations; security relations; Syrian developments; threat balance

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmadi, S. S. (2015, September 27). Opportunities and challenges for Iran in the Middle East crisis. Analytical-News Website Al-Waqt. Retrieved from http://alwaght.com/fa/News/23853

Ajarlou, H. (2012). The developments in Syria: Roots and perspectives. Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 18(3).

Ajili, H., & Mobini Kasha, Z. (2014). The role of ISIS in shaping new equations in the Middle East. Journal of Habl al-Matin, 3(9).

Aras, B., & Karakaya Polat, R. (2007). From conflict to cooperation: Insecurity in Turkey-Iran-Syria relations. Journal of Central Asian and Caucasian Studies, 4(16).

Bani Hashemi, M. Q. (2012). Turkey's new foreign policy and the regional success of the Islamic Republic. Journal of Sacred Defense Research, 1(4).

Barzegar, K. (2014). Arab uprisings, Iran, and the Middle East. Tehran: Center for Scientific Research and Strategic Studies in the Middle East.

Basirizadeh, F. (2019). A Comparative Study of the Psychoanalytical Portrayal of the Women Charactersby Virginia Woolf and Zoya Pirzad. Britain International of Humanatis and Social Sciences Journal, 1-8.

Basirizadeh1, F. and et al. A Study of Wuthering Heights from the Perspective of Eco-Criticism. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal. Volume 3, No 4, November 2020, Page: 1623-1633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i4.1297

Choluv, M. (2016, October 8). Amid Syrian chaos, Iran’s game plan emerges: A path to the Mediterranean. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/08/iran-iraq-syria-isis-land-corridor

Daily Sabah. (2016). Turkey-backed FSA to clear Daesh from al-Bab, Raqqa and YPG from Manbij. Retrieved from http://www.dailysabah.com/d/politics/2016/10/28/turkey-backed-fsa-to-clear-daesh-from-al-bab-raqqa-and-ypg-from-manbij

Dehghan, Y., & Hosseini, M. (2011). A look at the growing relations between Iran and Turkey in recent years. Tehran: Ebrar Moaser.

Derakhshesh, J., & Divsalar, M. (2011). Converging and diverging factors in Iran-Turkey relations after the rise of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey (2002-2009). Journal of Political and International Research, 7.

Etesami, A., & Hinobush, R. (2009). Middle Eastern developments from the perspective of the Iran-Syria alliance: With emphasis on the reevaluation of the Iraq war against Iran. Journal of Sacred Defense Studies, 8(30).

Fathi, M. J., Rasouli Sani Abadi, E., & Khosravi Nejad, M. (2018). A comparative study of the impact of Syrian and Iraqi developments on the regional policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey. Journal of Political Research at Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, 36.

Friedman, B. (2018). Iran's Hezbollah model in Iraq and Syria: Fait accompli? Orbis, 62(3).

Furtig, H. (2014). Regional powers in the Middle East: New constellations after the Arab revolts. Palgrave Macmillan.

Haj Mohammadi, A., & Montazeri Qaim, M. (2015). Media and international and regional crises: Analyzing the preconceived critiques in Turkish press articles on the Syrian crisis. Biannual Journal of Political Science, 11(1).

Hajimineh, R. (2012). Analyzing the Turkish-Iranian relation from the Copenhagen School’s point of view. Discourse: An Iranian Quarterly, 10(3-4).

Hemmatiyan, E., & Jafari Zadeh, A. (2015). Political-security interactions in the Persian Gulf region. Journal of Cultural and Political Studies of the Persian Gulf, 2(4).

Hürriyet Haber. (2016). PKK 3 kampını İran'a taşıdı: İran'ın, Kandil'in doğu kısmında bulunan 3 PKK kampının kendi sınırlarına taşınmasına göz yumduğu iddia edildi. Retrieved from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/pkk-3-kampini-irana-tasidi-40266894

Idiz, S. (2016, December 20). Animosity toward Iran reaches fever pitch in Turkey after Aleppo. Al-Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/12/turkey-iran-animosity-reaches-fever-pitch.html

Islam, M. N. (2015). Economic growth, repression, and state expenditure in non-democratic regimes. European Journal of Political Economy, 37.

Jafari, & Basirizadeh, F. The Concept of Time in the Stories of Katherine Mansfield. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and Translation. Vol. 4, No. 1, 2018, pp. 18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijalt.20180401.13

Little, R. (2010). Transformations in power balance theories. Translated by Gholamali Chaghinizadeh. Tehran: Ebrar Moaser.

Masoudnia, H., & Najafi, D. (2011). Turkey's new foreign policy and the security threats facing the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Security Horizons, 4(13).

Monologue in Houshang Golshiri’s Shazdeh Ehtejab, Virginia Woolf’s Two Selected Novels. (BIRCIJournal) Volume 3, No 2, May, Page: 761-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.888

Mustafa, A.-Q. (2016, December 5). Iran and Turkey are dragging Kurds into their Cold War in the Middle East. Bas News. Retrieved from http://basnews.com/index.php/en/opinion/315790

Najat, S. A. (2015). The terrorist group ISIS and the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Politics, 2(6).

Niakoi, S. A., & Bahmanesh, H. (2012). Opposing actors in the Syrian crisis: Goals and approaches. Journal of Foreign Relations, 4(4).

Niati, D. R., Siregar, Z. M. E., & Prayoga, Y. (2021). The Effect of Training on Work Performance and Career Development: The Role of Motivation as Intervening Variable. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 2385–2393. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1940

Rabiei, H., Naqdi, J., & Najafi, S. (2017). The Syrian crisis and Iran's national security from the perspective of threat balance theory. Journal of International Political Studies, 30.

Ranjbar Shirazi, M., Najati Arani, H., & Fatehmi Sadr, A. (2014). The dynamics of ISIS: Nature, characteristics, and coping strategies. Tehran: Sokhanvaran.

Raoufzadeh, N. Basirizadeh, F. Mohammad Hosein, SH. (2020). “The Study of Interior

Sanger, D. E., & Slackman, M. (2010). U.S. is skeptical on Iranian deal for nuclear fuel. The New York Times, 17.

Shah, M. M., et al. (2020). The Development Impact of PT. Medco E & P Malaka on Economic Aspects in East Aceh Regency. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 1, Page: 276-286.

Stein, A., & Bleek, P. C. (2012). Turkish-Iranian relations: From “friends with benefits” to “it’s complicated.” Insight Turkey, 14(4).

Sun, D. (2009). Brothers indeed: Syria-Iran quasi-alliance revisited. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 3(2).

Walt, S. M. (1986). Alliance: Balancing and band wagoning. In S. M. Walt (Ed.), The origins of alliances (pp. 17-35). Cornell University Press.

Werdhiastutie, A. et al. (2020). Achievement Motivation as Antecedents of Quality Improvement of Organizational Human Resources. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 2, Page: 747-752.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v7i4.7981

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 1 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.