Local Fruits and Vegetables of Jember District That Can Increase Immunity during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic is closely related to immunity, a biological protection system found in the human body. This system can ward off free radicals that will enter, so it is not easy to catch the disease. If this system works properly, then a person can avoid virus attacks. Consuming fruits and vegetables is the best immune boosting way that can be done. The importance of knowing local fruits and vegetables so that it can increase immunity. Make sure fruits and vegetables are always on the diet, so that the body is always in the best condition. This research examines the diversity of local fruits and vegetables in Jember District which can increase immunity. The research method uses exploratory survey, which aims to collect information with a qualitative approach. The research instrument consists of: observation sheets, interview guidelines and documentation. The survey area covers 31 districts in Jember District. The results of the study found 28 types of local fruit that can increase immunity, namely : avocado, sweet starfruit, wuluh starfruit, cantaloupe, red dragon fruit, guava, crystal guava, lime, semboro orange, kedondong, manalagi mango, gadung mango, pineapple, papaya, banana ambon, banana berlin, banana kepok, banana nangka, banana raja, soursop, big orange, ciplukan, passion fruit, pomegranate, mangosteen and apple melon. Also found 18 types of local vegetables that can increase immunity, namely: pumpkin, tomatoes, green spinach, red spinach, leeks, oyong, large chilies, rawit chilies, katu leaves, moringa leaves, papaya leaves, kenikir, cabbage, ferns, celery, and cauliflower. Of the 28 types of local fruit found, as much as 44.8% has been cultivated. From 18 types of local vegetables, which has been cultivated by 38.9%.


I. Introduction
The diversity of local fruits and vegetables is a rich biodiversity that is very important in life, because fruit and vegetables are one of the human food needs. Local fruits and vegetables contribute to the availability of food in the region through optimizing the use of local fruit and vegetable resources as a food provider . Related to food needs that continue to increase, efforts are needed to increase the use of plant diversity to meet human needs (Pugalenthi et al, 2005).
Local fruits and vegetables are native fruits and vegetables that have been widely cultivated and consumed or introduced fruits and vegetables that have been developed for a long time and are known to the public in a certain area (Suryadi and Kusumana, 2004).
Fruits and vegetables in general are one of the commodities needed by humans to live healthy. Fruits and vegetables are a source of water, nutrition and vitamins, and is one of the largest sources of natural antioxidants in the world (Saleh, 2017).
The nutritional content as diverse as vitamin A, B, C, potassium, iron, protein and antioxidant compounds, indicating that the cultivation and consumption of vegetables may help in dealing with malnutrition in Indonesia (Becker, 2003;Madalla et al., 2013).
These fruits and vegetables are the best way to boost your immune system that we can do . Whatever the type of fruit and vegetables, make sure it's always in the daily diet. So the immune system will always be in the best condition or situation.
The immune system is a protection system that is biologically present in the human body with the aim to be able to ward off free radicals that will attack so that the individual will not be susceptible to disease. Various kinds of infections that occur in humans today can be caused by some bacteria derived from the human body itself. Such infections can cause various diseases such as diarrhea and lower respiratory tract disease or pneumonia (Ramadhianto, 2019). If this system can or can work properly, then the person will avoid the virus attack. However, if this system is not working properly or is in a weak condition, then a person's immune system will be susceptible to disease. The thing that is feared if this system is weakened is that it can increase the risk of being attacked by  Jember District is one of the abundant fruit and vegetable producing cities in East Java Province, shows that the agricultural sector is a sector that has a fairly large role. Administratively, Jember District is divided into 31 sub-districts and information about fruits and vegetables that can increase immunity is not well explored and recorded. The effort to explore and recognize the potential of local fruit and vegetables in each region is very important. This is due to the entry of imported fruits and vegetables whose penetration reaches areas where local fruits can be pressed, changing consumption patterns of society and land use changes.
This study aims to obtain a database of information on local fruits and vegetables that can increase immunity in Covid-19 pandemic, which are traded in markets and fruit and vegetable sales centers in Jember District. This research is part of the first and second year research on development of multimedia-based encyclopedia of local fruits and vegetables in Jember as a learning resource for biology that supports food security.

II. Research Methods
The research method used exploratory survey with a qualitative approach. The research instrument consisted of observation sheets, interviews and documentation. Survey activities were carried out in July -August 2020.

Research Areas
a. Jember District has an area of approximately 3293.34 km2, with a coast length of approximately 170 km. b. Jember District is located at an altitude of 0-3300 meters above sea level (asl), with a height of Jember urban areas approximately 87 meters asl. Most of the territory is at an altitude of between 100 and 500 meters asl is 37.75%. Topographical conditions indicated by the slope or elevation, most of Jember District (36.60%) with 0 to 2% slope. c. Climate in Jember District is a tropical. Figures temperatures ranging from 23ºC -31ºC Location survey found in 31 districts in Jember (Jember Regency, 2018), namely: Subdistrict Kencong, Gumukmas, Puger, Wuluhan, Ambulu, Tempurejo, Silo, Mayang, Mumbulsari, Jenggawah, Ajung, Rambipuji, Balung, Umbulsari, Semboro, Jombang, Sumberbaru, Embankment, Bangsalsari, Panti, Sukorambi, Arjasa, Pakusari, Kalisat, Ledokombo , Sumberjambe, Sukowono, Jelbuk, Kaliwates, Sumbersari and Patrang ( Figure  1), The study was conducted in the markets and centers of fruits and vegetables in each district. The respondents are the local fruit and vegetable traders. Data collected includes the name of a plant, plant origin (aquaculture), morphology colors of fruits and vegetables and vegetable parts are sold. Plant growth is supported and influenced by several factors, namely nutrient ions or mineral salts which are absorbed by the leaves and carry out photosynthesis (Hasibuan, et al 2019). Fruits and vegetables are locally obtained and documented by the cameras and samples were taken for identification. Figure 1. Map of Jember District (Jember District Goverment, 2018)

Identification of Plant Species
Local fruit and vegetable samples collected subsequently identified in the laboratory. Identification using book of determination: Flora of Java Volume I, II, III (Backer and Bakhuzein, 1968), A Practical Field Guide to Weeds of Rice in Asia (Caton et al, 2010), the Weed Identification (Naidu, 2012), The Institute for Functional Medicine, 2014 and Local Fruits and Vegetables in Jember District .

Result Local Fruits and Vegetables in Jember Regency That Can Increase Immunity during the Covid-19 Pandemic
The diversity of local fruits and vegetables in Jember District which can increase immunity, which found in markets and fruit centers as many as 28 types of local fruit and 18 types of local vegetables. The survey results of local fruits and vegetables as well as distribution in 31 districts in Jember are presented in Tables below: From 18 types of local vegetables that can increase immunity, obtained as much as 38.9% which have been cultivated, namely: Spring onion (Allium fistulosum L), Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea), Big chili (Capsicum annum L.), Rawit chili (Capsicum frustescenns L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) dan Spinach (Amaranthus spinosus).   , vitamins C, and B, resin acids, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and petroselenic, bergapten, seselin, isomperatorin, osthenol, and isopimpinelin. 18.
Research has found 28 types of local fruit and 18 types of local vegetables which can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Documentation of the diversity of several local fruits that can increase immunity found in Jember district can be seen in The documentation of the diversity of local vegetables that can increase immunity found in Jember district can be seen in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) Figure 3. Local vegetables that can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic found in Jember district

Discussion
The results of exploration of local fruit and vegetables that are traded in markets and fruit and vegetable centers in 31 sub-districts in Jember District, found 28 types of local fruit and 18 types of local vegetables that can boost immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic. These local fruits and vegetables have potential as a source of flora germplasm that can support the fulfillment of regional food needs and can increase immunity . Therefore, local fruits and vegetables are one of the alternative sources of food in order to increase quality immunity.
Local fruits and vegetables are plants that are well known and cultivated by the community, but it has not been documented / there is no database on local fruits and vegetables that can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Even though local fruit has a fresher taste with nutritional content in it. People still prefer imported fruit with its various advantages (Komarayanti et al, 2018). It is necessary to cultivate a love of local fruits and vegetables through education. Diversity based on local fruit and vegetables is an alternative that can improve community nutrition and can solve the problem of malnutrition and can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic and support food security.
In this study, 28 types of local fruit and 18 types of local vegetables were found to increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic, which are spread across 31 districts in Jember District. There are 44.8% local types of fruit and 38.9% types of local vegetables that have been cultivated. There were 5 types of local fruit that can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic, which are available in more than 20 sub-districts, namely avocado, star fruit, guava, papaya and banana. There are 3 types of local vegetables that can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic, which are available in more than 12 sub-districts, namely large chilies, cayenne pepper and tomatoes. These findings indicate that some markets and fruit centers have a high diversity of local fruit and vegetables.
Research from 18 countries on 5 continents illustrates that the availability of fruit and vegetables in all regions is related to the consumption of the people (Miller et al., 2016). The colors of fruits and vegetables vary, such as blue-purple, red-green, white and yellow-orange. Each color indicates the presence of certain phytochemical compounds that are efficacious to prevent various diseases (Astawan, 2008). Each color contains different phytonutrients, so that optimal health can be achieved if the intake of fruits and vegetables of various colors meets the recommended portion.
Fruits and vegetables rich in phytonutrients have 64 times more antioxidants than animal foods (Amagram, 2014). The world's population who consume very few fruits and vegetables, both in terms of number and diversity, has the potential for low phytonutrient intake.
Phytonutrients in fruits consist of various colors, including red, green, yellow, orange, blue/purple, and white/brown, which function to determine health benefits, people are advised to consume fruit with a variety of colors every day (The Institute for Functional Medicine, 2014). According to Astawan (2008) people are advised to consume at least five groups of colored food items every day, namely red, white, blue or purple, yellow, and green. Each color indicates the presence of certain phytochemical compounds that are efficacious to prevent various diseases.

IV. Conclusion
The diversity of fruit found in Jember Regency will contribute to the availability of phytonutrients and can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic for the people of Jember District. The availability of local fruit is stable for fruits that do not know the season. The availability of local vegetables is stable for cultivated vegetables.
The functions of the immune system include the following: (1) Defense System: is the main function of this immune system, namely as the body's defense system, both in diseases that can or can be transmitted or caused by viruses and bacteria, (2) Homeostatic balance: is an ideal balance in the body which has a function to be able to meet the needs of the body namely by interacting with all the systems contained in the body. So that immunity is useful to be able to maintain a homeostatic balance in order to work properly. (3) System Repair: The function of tissue repair is to be able to repair tissue by eliminating dead or damaged cell tissue in the body. Apart from that it is also in order to eliminate abnormal cells.
There are several ways to increase the body's immune system including: (1) Adequate rest. A number of medical experts then agreed that adequate and adequate rest is effective in being able to boost the immune system. The opposite happens if you don't have or have the right rest time, which will reduce the quality of the immune system, (2) Exercise regularly. In addition to adequate and proper rest, regular exercise is also claimed to be a powerful way to increase the body's immune system. No need for strenuous sports activities or activities, just walking leisurely in the morning or yoga alone can or can make the immune system experience an increase in quality, (3) Bask in the sun. The sun itself is the main source of vitamin D, which this vitamin has or has an important role to play in boosting the immune system, especially if the immune system is experiencing a decline, such as when you are sick, for example, (4) Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables. These fruits and vegetables are the best way to boost your immune system that you can or can do. Whatever types of fruit and vegetables, make sure they are always included in the daily diet. That way, the immune system will always be in the best condition or situation.
The making of a database of local fruits and vegetables in Jember District that can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic is for the first time done through this research. The results of research that have found 28 types of local fruit and 18 types of local vegetables that can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic, can contribute to the availability of foodstuffs in Jember District.