Growth Response and Crop Production ( Brassica Juncea L . ) Against Watering Time Interval at Various Hydroponics Media

This study aims to determine the Response Growth and Production of Crops (Brassica juncea L.) Against Watering Time Interval In Various Hydroponics Media. The research was conducted at the experimental gardens of Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, located on No. Pond Street. 1 Medan Estate. This research was conducted from October 2013 until December 2013. The design used was RAL Factorial, with 2 replications, 10 combinations. The first factor of the hydroponic planting medium is: M1: Frying Roots, M2: Coconut Coir Powder, M3: Fryer Seal, M4: Rokwool, and M5: Sawdust, the second factor is the time interval: I1: 3 hours a day I2: 5 hours a day, starting from 08:00 a.m to 06:00 p.m. The result of this research indicates that the treatment of watering liquid fertilizer with different time interval does not show a real effect on the growth of mustard plants, Media treatment used on hydroponic systems have an influence very evident on the parameters of plant height, leaf number, leaf area, production weight and significant effect on leaf level parameters, influential planting medium and have the best number is M3 (fuel husk). Interaction interval of watering time on various hydroponic media did not have a significant effect on observed parameters, namely: plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and weight of production, while the leaf color parameter had significant effect on leaf width.


I. Introduction
Demand for vegetable commodities in Indonesia continues to increase, along with increasing population and per capita consumption.Besides that, some people also want more quality horticulture products.The increasing number of vegetable commodities from abroad indicates that market demand has not been able to be met by domestic production.If this condition continues, Indonesia will be highly dependent on imported horticulture products.Vegetable consumption in Indonesia in 2009 is 45.80 kg / capita / year, this is still lower than the minimum requirement recommended by FAO, which is 65 kg / capita / year.Because the national production of vegetables is still lower than consumption which is equal to 45.80 kg / capita / year.(Ministry of Agriculture, 2010), thus there is still a very wide open increase in production to be able to meet national vegetable consumption levels.One of them is mustard greens.Mustard plants are rich in sources of vitamin A, so they are effective in trying to overcome the problem of vitamin A deficiency or myopic disease until now a problem among children under five (Margiyanto, 2007) Good mustard growth can not be separated from the role of the planting media, because of the nutritional intake needed by mustard plants.Planting media is a decisive factor for the development of growth.Fertile soil must contain macro and micro nutrients.the mineralization process in the soil will become nutrients which are ready to be absorbed by plants and other life in the soil.Minerals also maintain the stability of the shape and structure of the soil so that its component composition is not easily changed by the effects of changes and movements in the soil, so that it can support plants and provide space for life for the roots of plants and other living things in the soil.To get good fertility, soil treatment is also carried out.In general, sprinkling aims to improve soil structure and air circulation as well as providing basic fertilizers to improve the physical and chemical soil which will increase the fertility of the land we will use.
Agricultural land is increasingly narrow due to the shifting of the function of agricultural land into industrial areas, so that hydroponic cultivation is considered appropriate to utilize available land because this cultivation system does not require soil media.The hydroponic system uses a variety of planting media other than soil, among others, with media such as fuel husk, husk, sand, zeolite, rockwoll, peat (peat moss) and coconut husk powder (Prihmantoro and Indriani, 2010).
Hydroponic cultivation can provide more benefits than traditional farming systems.The advantages that can be obtained include: harvested when really cooked, can be done close to the market or consumers, does not depend on the season and can be adjusted to the high market demand, guaranteed optimal growth climate because the environment is controlled, there is no problem with the land because it does not use soil media, safer because of handling biological pests and diseases, high quality results will be accepted by consumers at high prices so as to provide high profits as well (CropKing Inc., 2003).Suhardiyanto (2002) states that the cultivation of plants with a hydroponic system has advantages over planting in soil media.Some of the advantages of hydroponic systems include: cleanliness is more easily maintained, does not need soil treatment, efficient use of water and fertilizers, does not depend on the season, can be obtained higher product quality, higher productivity can be done with organic systems, and can be cultivated on narrow land.Some types of leaf vegetables that can be cultivated hydroponically include spinach, caisim, kale, lettuce and others (Sutiyoso, 2003).

II. Methodology
The materials used in this study were mustard seeds, biosubur liquid fertilizer, ferns, sawdust, roasted husks, coconut fiber, rockwool.The tools used in this research are plastic plastics, paralon pipes, paranet, zinc fiber, mineral water glass, rollers, handsprayers, knives, tweezers, pH meters, thermometers, and stationery.
The research method used in this study is experimental which directly conducts experiments in the field with the application of planting media, which aims to determine the effect of interaction between media with watering time intervals and determine the growth rate and production of mustard plants.The research method used is Factorial Completely Randomized Design, namely: (1) Planting media (M) consists of 5 levels, namely: M1 = Planting media for ferns, M2 = Media for coconut husk planting, M3 = Media for burning husk, M4 = Sawdust planting media, M5 = Rockwool planting media.(2) Watering time interval consists of 2 levels, namely: I1 = 3 hours, I2 = 5 hours.In this experiment there were 10 combinations for each experiment repeated 3 times.The data analysis method used is variance analysis: Yĳk = µ + ρі + αj + βk + (αβ) jk + εĳk Information : Yijk = Observation on the second block with treatment of watering interval at level j and various types of media at level k μ = Middle value ρi = i-block effect αj = the effect of treatment on the watering interval at the jth level βk = the effect of the treatment of several types of media on the karak (αβ) jk = effect of interaction between time interval at level j and planting media at level k εijk = the effect of error on the i block which gets the treatment time interval at the j level and the planting media at the kth level If the results of variance show significant differences, then proceed with the Duncan Multiple Range test (DMRT) test at the level of 5% (Sastrosupadi, 2002).

III. Result and Discussion Plant Height
Observation data of mustard plant height at the age of 1-5 MST showed no significant effect by administering a watering time interval treatment, the treatment of various planting media showed a very real effect, while the combination treatment showed results that were not real.The average observation results of mustard plants are presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3

Table 3. Average Interaction of Watering Time Intervals in Various Media (M X I) On
Height of Mustard Plants (cm) Age 1-5.
Based on Table 1 above shows that the watering treatment has no significant effect on plant height at the age of 1-5 MST, while the media treatment did not significantly affect the age of 1 MST and had a very significant effect at the age of 2-5 MST, the best average for treatment The media is shown in Table 2 and in the following graph: But the treatment of watering interactions on various media does not show significant differences in plant growth.Of the several treatments M3 I1 has the best average match with M3 I2 with an average plant height of 33.15 cm and the lowest average plant height of 12.45 cm found in treatment M4 I1.The watering treatment on different planting media showed no significant effect at the age of 1-5 MST seen in Table 3.This is because the growth of plants or plants is influenced by several factors, namely nutrient ions or mineral salts absorbed by the leaves and photosynthesis.Where absorption and photosynthesis will not run optimally if the leaf's fresh period is lower than the dry period of the leaves, the dry period itself becomes a more legitimate estimate to determine the clues that indicate the absence of growth, while the fresh period determines the growth of a plant because the fresh leaves occur photosynthesis and greater salt deposition.Similarly, plants planted by hydroponics always receive adequate nutritional intake so that the growth of hydroponic plants is more stable than horticultural plants (Salisbury et al. 1992).

Number of Leaves
Observation data on the number of mustard plant leaves at the age of 1-5 MST showed no significant effect by administering watering time intervals, the treatment of various planting media showed a very real effect, while the combination treatment showed results that were not real.The average observation results of the number of mustard leaves are presented in Tables 4, 5 and 6 4 above, it can be seen that the watering time interval did not significantly affect the number of mustard plant leaves at the age of 1-5 MST, while the mean media had a significant effect on the age of 1 MST and at the age of 2-5 MST the effect was very significant on media treatment planting on the number of leaves is shown in Table 5 and the following graph: And the average interaction of the number of mustard plants leaves no significant effect at the age of 1-5 MST can be seen in Table 6, from the average interaction of the number of leaves treated M3 I1 and M3 I2 is the best average of all treatments, namely 8.7 strands.

Leaf Color
Observation data of leaf color of mustard plants at the age of 1-5 MST showed no significant effect by administering a watering time interval treatment, the treatment of various planting media showed a very real effect, while the combination treatment showed results that were not real.The average observations of leaf color of mustard plants are presented in Tables 7, 8 and 9  Based on observational data in Table 7, the watering treatment did not significantly affect each treatment, while the treatment of various media had a significant effect on 1 MST and at 2 MST the effect was very real, but in 3-5 MTS only had a significant effect.From the observation data, all leaves have a relatively good color, according to the leaf color chart of treatment, namely M1 M2, M3, and M5 shows the average number 4. Except for treatment M4 does not show a mean number below 4, which is 3.9 as shown in Table 8 above and the best treatment can be seen in the following graphic: The interaction of watering time intervals on various media did not significantly affect leaf color at age 1 MST but had a significant effect on 2 MST and in 3-5MST no significant effect, can be seen in Table 9.

Leaf Area (cm2)
Observation data of leaf area of mustard plants at the age of 1-5 MST showed no significant effect by administering the watering time interval treatment, the treatment of various planting media showed a very real effect, while the combination treatment showed results that were not real.The average observation results of leaf area of mustard plants are presented in Tables 10, 11 and 12.The results of observations of leaf area on the average watering time interval were not significantly seen in Table 10, whereas the observation of media averages did not significantly affect age 1. MST and very different at age 2-5 MST, can be broken down in Table 11 and the best media can be seen in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Average Graph of Leaves for Ages 1-5 MST While the average interaction of watering time intervals on various media has a very significant effect on observations from the age of 1-5 MST.Measurement of leaf area aged 1-5 MST on the average leaf area of plants which showed the highest number seen in the treatment of M3 I1, namely the average leaf area reached 113.45 cm2, followed by treatment M3 I2 and M2 I2: 92 cm2, 90cm2 and average the average leaf area of plants which shows the lowest number can be seen in the treatment of M4 I1 and M4 I2, namely the average leaf area reaches 15.025 cm2 and 24 cm2, seen in Table 12 and the best average can be seen in the following graph:   16 shows that the watering time interval treatment has no significant effect, in Table 17 shows that the media treatment has a very significant effect on hydroponic media, where M3, M2, M1 have very significant effects on other media while M5 and M4 media have no significant effect.The best media average can be seen in the following graph: The interaction of watering time intervals in various media has no significant effect, but the best production weight on the interaction treatment of watering time intervals on various hydroponic media is shown by the treatment of M3 I1 and M3 I2, namely with an average production weight reaching 742.50 dn 555.00 g, and production weights the lowest is found in treatment M4 I2, the average production weight is only 21.70 g.Can be broken in Table 18.This is because a variety of planting media used in planting different types of media including husk charcoal in the M3 media, because husk charcoal has mild characteristics (specific gravity 0.2 kg / l), rough so high air circulation, high water holding capacity, black so that it can absorb sunlight effectively.The sockets are large so that it will be good for aeration and drainage, while the roots will easily move between the chaff charcoal grains (Wuryaningsih, 2010).
Media M4 from the results of overall observations based on production weights do not show maximum results because M4 media is sawdust which has the opposite properties of husk charcoal so that in research and during observation it is always found stem rot every treatment (Prewtasari et al, 2012).

IV. Conclusion
1.The treatment of watering liquid fertilizer with different time intervals did not show a significant effect on the growth of mustard plants.2. The treatment of media used in hydroponic systems has a very significant influence on the parameters of plant height, leaf number, leaf area, production weight and has a significant effect on leaf level parameters, the influential planting media and has the best number is M3 (fuel husk).3. The interaction of watering time intervals and various types of hydroponic media did not have a significant effect on the parameters observed, including plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and production weight, while the leaf color parameters had significant effect only in the second week and the leaf width parameters were very real on every week of observation.

.
Table 1.Average Watering Time Interval (I) at Mustard Plant Height (cm) Age 1-5 MST Note : tn : not realTable 2. Average media (M) At mustard plant height (cm) aged 1-5 MSTNote: Numbers followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the level of  = 0.05 (small letters) and at the level of  = 0.01 (uppercase) based on the Duncan distance test.

.
Table 4. Average Watering Time Intervals (I) Number of Leaves (Strands) of Mustard Plants Age 1-5 MST Note: tn : not real Table 5. Media Average (M) in Number of Leaves (Strands) of Sawiumur Plants 1-5MST Description: Numbers followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the level of  = 0.05 (lowercase letters) and at the level of  = 0.01 (uppercase) based on Duncan's distance testTable 6.Average Interaction of Watering Intervals at Various Media (M X I) Number of Leaves (Strands) of Mustard Plants Age 1-5 MST.Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Volume I, No 1, January 2019, Page: 9-22 e-ISSN: 2655-7827 (Online), p-ISSN: 2655-7835 (Print) www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birexemails: birex.journal@gmail.combirex.journal.qa@gmail.com14 Note: tn : not real From Table

Figure 4 :
Figure 4: Media Average Graph of leaf color 1-5 MST Description: Numbers followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the level of  = 0.05 (lowercase letters) and at the level of  = 0.01 (uppercase) based on Duncan's distance test.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Average Production Weight Graph

Table 7 .
. Average Watering Time Interval (I) in Leaf Colors of Mustard Plants of 1-5 MST Age

Table 8 .
Media Average (M) in Leaf Colors of Mustard Plants of 1-5 MST Age Description: Numbers followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the level of  = 0.05 (lowercase) and at the level of = 0.01 (uppercase) based on the Duncan distance test.

Table 9 .
Mean Interaction of Watering Time Intervals in Various Media (Mxi) Leaf Color (Strands) of Mustard Plants Age 1-5 MST Description: Numbers followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the level of  = 0.05 (lowercase letters) based on the Duncan distance test.

Table 11 .
Mean Media (M) in Leaf Area (Cm2) Mustard Plants Age 1-5 MST.Numbers followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the level of  = 0.05 (lowercase) and at the level of = 0.01 (uppercase) based on the Duncan distance test.

Table 12 .
Average Interaction of Watering Time Intervals in Various Media (Mxi) on Leaf Area (Cm2) Mustard Plants Age 1-5 MST.

Table 18 .
Data on the average interaction of watering time intervals on various media (M x I) on total crop production (g) mustard plants aged 5 MST