Effects of Fermentated Feed and Probiotic + Acidifier Supplements on Glucose Levels and Abdomen Chicken Fat Broiler

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding probiotic acidifier on the condition of the digestive tract, glucose levels and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. This research conducted in Takengon, Central Aceh District. The parameters observed were the condition of the digestive tract, blood glucose levels and the percentage of abdominal fat. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the use of a 1: 1 mixture of probiotics and acidifier to level 0. The 3% added to the commercial ration which was substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on weight and percentage of Gizzard, Gizzard pH and Intestine pH, Intestinal Length, Weight and Percent of Abdominal Fat, as well as blood glucose levels in broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson weight and percentage of abdominal fat, as well as blood glucose levels of broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson weight and percentage of abdominal fat, as well as blood glucose levels of broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson (1993), which ranges from 13 to 27 ml / dl or 130 to 270 mg / dl. It is suspected that this is due to increased digestive activity in chickens so that more nutrients are absorbed.


I. Introduction
In chicken farming, there are three important factors that need to be considered, namely seeds, feed, and management. Feed is the factor that requires the most costs, which is around 60-80% of all production costs. Production costs can be reduced if the efficiency of feed given to livestock increases. High feed efficiency can be achieved when the digestive tract is in optimal conditions to digest and absorb food substances. In broilers, there are several ways to optimize the efficiency of absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract. One of the methods commonly used by breeders today is by administering antibiotics.
The use of antibiotics in livestock has a disadvantage, namely that the dosage of antibiotics must be considered because excessive use is feared to leave residues in the body of the chickens while increasing production costs. Therefore, a safer way is needed to increase the efficiency of using chicken feed which produces meat without antibiotic residue but does not kill non-pathog enic micro flora in the digestive tract and can even improve protein digestibility by utilizing an acidifier in the form of lactic acid. Acidifier aims to maintain the pH of the digestive tract and create a suitable pH condition for the digestion of food substances that enter the digestive tract and suppress pathogenic microbes and promote the growth of beneficial microbes (Hyden, 2000).
Utilization of this acidifier has been carried out in laying hens and gives good results. The use of acidifiers in broilers has been carried out by Lückstädt et al. (2004) using formic acid and propionic acid which can increase the growth of broilers under controlled conditions, namely without the use of growth-promoting antibiotics. Hyden (2000) also reported that lactic acid is one of the acidifiers that can maintain the pH of the digestive tract and create pH conditions suitable for the digestion of food substances that enter the digestive tract, suppress pathogenic microbes and promote the growth of beneficial microbes.

Research Purposes
This study aims to determine the effect of adding probiotic acidifier on glucose levels and abdominal fat in broiler chickens.

Place and Time of Research
Research on the effect of probiotic and acidifier supplementation in the ration on the growth and glucose levels of broiler chickens was conducted in Takengon, Aceh Tengah District. The study lasted 35 days.

Research Material
The material used in this study consisted of 160 broiler chickens aged one day (Day Old Chiks) cobb strain with production code CP 707, Production of PT. Pokphand, North Sumatra.

Research Materials and Tools
The ingredients to be used in this study consist of probiotic supplements and acidifiers, HI-PRO-VITE N511 commercial feed, fermented feed, vaccines. and vitachick. The equipment to be used includes a 1 x 1 m (16 units) insulated cage, a digital scale for weighing broilers, a disinfectant device. a place for drinking water and chicken feed, a bucket for storing drinking water for chickens, and a lighting lamp.

Research Design
The design to be used is a completely randomized design with the use of fermentation rations and a mixture of probiotic + acidifier (proaci). There are 4 treatments and each treatment is repeated 4 times. Each replication was an experimental unit consisting of 10 broilers. The treatment of using a mixture of probiotic + acidifier (proaci) supplementation and fermented feed with different levels, namely: A: Rations without probiotic supplementation + acidifier (control rations) B: Rations with the use of probiotic + acidifier supplementation (1: 1 as much as 0.1% of the total ration). C: Rations with the use of probiotic + acidifier supplementation (1: 1 as much as 0.2% of the total ration).

D:
Rations with the use of probiotic + acidifier supplementation (1: 1 as much as 0.3% of the total ration).

Parameters Observed
The parameters measured in this study are: 1. Final weight; obtained by weighing the body weight of chickens aged 35 days before slaughter. 2. Analysis of blood glucose levels; calculated at the end of the study using an easy tough tool. 3. Weight and percentage of abdominal fat; obtained by weighing the weight of the fat attached to the stomach (abdomen). The percentage of abdominal fat is obtained by dividing the weight of abdominal fat by the live weight times one hundred percent. 4. Intestinal pH; measured using a pH meter at the age of 35 days. 5. Gizzard pH; measured using a pH meter at the age of 35 days. 6. Intestinal length; measured using a measuring tape at the age of 35 days 7. Gizzard weight and percentage; measured by weighing the gizzard. The percentage of gizzard is obtained by dividing the gizzard weight by the live weight multiplied by one hundred percent.

Research Implementation
This research will be carried out in several stages, namely: 1.
Preparation phase The preparation stage includes sanitizing the cage and the area around the cage, washing the cage, spraying disinfectants, making a place for feeding and drinking, and preparing the materials and compilers of treatment rations that have been milled. Each cage was given a treatment code.

2.
Chickens Adaptation and Maintenance Stage At the adaptation stage, chickens are raised starting from DOC. This stage is held as an adaptation step for livestock, before entering the data collection stage. During this stage only N511 rations are used, not mixed with fermented feed and probiotics + acidifier. Rations were given twice a day, at 07.00 WIB and 17.00 WIB. The ration was given ad libitum and the amount of ration consumption was calculated once a week. The provision of drinking water is also carried out ad libitum in the morning and evening. The drinking water and feed containers are always cleaned before adding rations or drinking water.

3.
Data Retrieval Stage Data were collected for analysis of glucose and abdominal fat levels at the age of 28 and 35 days. Retrieval of data to determine the effect of probiotic + acidifier and fermentation rations on glucose levels and abdominal fat in broiler chickens.

Data Analysis
The data obtained will be analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the ANOVA analysis shows significantly different results, it is followed by the Duncan test (Steel and Torrie, 1993).

Digestive Tract Conditions
The effect of using a mixture of probiotics and 1: 1 acidifier added to the commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) on the digestive tract conditions of broiler chickens at 35 days of age of the four ration treatments is shown in Table 1. Commercial rations substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KF) + a mixture of probiotics and 1:

Gizzard Weights
The variance analysis showed that the use of a 1: 1 probiotic and acidifier mixture into a commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredient (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on weight and percentage of gizzard. This shows that the use of a mixture of probiotics and acidifier (PA) does not cause gizzard weight gain. The gizzard weight of boiler chickens that received R-KFPA treatment (R2, R3, R4) in this study ranged from 31.50-35.38 grams or 1.55-1.74% of live weight, not much different from broilers who received treatment R-KF only (R1). Broiler gizzard weights for all treatments in this study were even slightly lower than reported by Brake et al. (1993), namely 2% in hens and 1.8% in 5 week old male chicks. Meanwhile, Putnam (1991) stated that the gizzard weight is around 1.6-2.3% of the live weight.

Gizzard pH
The results of variance showed that the pH in the broiler gizzard in this study ranged from 4.80 to 5.0. Acidifier is used to control the pH in the digestive tract. If the conditions where the pH of the digestive tract are already optimum, the acidifier will not work to lower the pH because it will result in a pH atmosphere that is too acidic and causes digestive disorders and an imbalance of the intestinal microflora. The gizzard condition of broiler chickens that were treated with rations substituted with fermented feed ingredients (R-KF or R1) was optimal with a pH of 4.9. Acidifier no longer lowers the pH of the gizzard, but maintains it. In Table 1, you can see the pH of the gizzard of broiler chickens that received additional acidifier treatment (R-KFPA or R2, R3, The presence of fermented feed ingredients that are substituted into the commercial ration for all treatments lighten the work of the gizzard. Fermentation helps to degrade the high fiber ingredients so that they are easier to digest. This is in accordance with the statementPurwadaria et al. (1998) and Pasaribu et al. (1998), that in the process of fermentation technology, microorganisms are needed as pengenzyme results to break down crude fiber and to increase protein levels. For this reason, broiler chickens that were treated with fermented feed ingredients (all treatments) had gizzard sizes that were not large (normal). This reinforces the notion that fermented feed, probiotics and acidifier can improve the performance of the stomach (gizzard).

pH and Intestinal Length
The variance analysis showed that the use of a probiotic mixture and a 1: 1 acidifier into a commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on the intestinal length of broiler chickens. According toLindberg et al. (1982), probiotics were able to produce extracellular proteases with an acidic pH of 3 and a neutral pH of 7. Suthama and Ardiningsasi (2006) stated that increased protease activity could affect the length of the digestive tract. However, in this study, broiler chickens that received probiotic treatment (R2, R3, R4) did not show any significant effect on the length of the digestive tract. This concurs with that put forward by Sarwono et al. (2012) stated that the provision of probiotics in native chicken rations did not increase the length of the digestion channel.
The analysis of variance showed that the treatment of a 1: 1 probiotic and acidifier mixture into a commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on the intestinal pH of broiler chickens. Quantitatively, the data obtained in this study is almost no difference between all treatments. The pH value for all treatments is relatively the same, namely 6.70-6.76. The results of this study are in accordance with the statementn Natsir et al. (2006) that the combination of citric acid and lactic acid in the form of encapsulation at various levels did not have a significant effect on intestinal pH conditions but had a significant effect on pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbial populations.

Abdominal Fat
One part of the body that is used to store fat is the area around the stomach or abdomen. Abdominal fat is less useful because in the sale of carcass, this fat is removed. The effect of using a mixture of probiotics and 1: 1 acidifier added to the commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) on the abdominal and non-carcass fatty conditions of broiler chickens at 35 days of the four ration treatments is shown in Table 2. The analysis of variance showed that the treatment of a 1: 1 probiotic and acidifier mixture into a commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on weight and percentage of belly fat in broiler chickens. These results concur with Sarwono et al. (2012) who explained that the provision of probiotics in native chicken rations did not affect the weight of abdominal fat. Abdominal fat did not increase in the chickens treated with the addition of probiotics in their rations (R-KFPA or R2, R3, R4).
In general, the percentage of abdominal fat in this study is slightly higher than the study conducted by Sandi et al. (2012), the average percentage of abdominal fat weight ranges from 1.21-1.41% of live weight, but it is lower than that stated by Leeson and Summers (1980) that the percentage of abdominal fat in roosters ranges from 1.4-2, 60% while for hens ranged from 3.2-4.8% of body weight. Becker et al. (1981) stated that the percentage of abdominal fat in hens is higher than that of males. The same percentage of abdominal fat in the control treatment was also obtained in a study conducted by Ihsan (2006), the highest percentage of abdominal fat was in the control treatment (R0), namely amounted to 1.51% while the lowest was in the treatment of 100% silage ration (R2) which was 0.81%.
Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat. This is in line with the acquisition of the final body weight of the boiler chickens at the very R4 treatment significantly higher than treatment R1. This result is in accordance with the statement of Tillman et al. (1998) that in general the increase in live weight of chickens is followed by a decrease in abdominal fat content which results in high meat production. The reduction of abdominal fat is beneficial, because it will improve the quality of carcass by producing meat that is low in fat (Sanz et al., 2000). Percentage of le the abdomen of broilers in this study is shown in Figure 1. The analysis of variance showed that the treatment of a mixture of probiotics and acidifier 1: 1 into a commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on the blood glucose of broiler chickens. Chicken blood glucose for all treatments was relatively the same, namely in the range (290.75-309.75 mg / dl).

Glucose Levels
Blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as wipedorkan by Swenson (1993), which ranges from 13 to 27 ml / dl or 130 to 270 mg / dl. This is probably due to increased digestive activity in chickens so that more nutrients are absorbed. Glucose, which is the end product of carbohydrate digestion, is absorbed by the capillaries, enters the blood vessels, then to the liver to be detoxified and then carried to the heart to be circulated throughout the body. This is in accordance with the statement of Resnawati (2004), that the factors that determine blood glucose levels are the balance of glucose that enters. and out of the blood, while the factors that influence blood fluctose levels are the supply of feed, the accuracy of entering muscle and fat cells and the glucostatic activity of the liver.

Figure 1. Percentage of Broiler Chickens Abdominal Fat in Some Probiotic and Acidifier
Mixture Level

IV. Conclusion
Based on the results of the research that has been done, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The use of a probiotic mixture and a 1: 1 acidifier up to a level of 0.3% which is added to the commercial ration substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) has no significant effect on weight and percentage of Gizzard, Gizzard pH and Intestine pH, Intestinal Length, weight and percentage of abdominal fat, as well as blood glucose levels of broiler chickens. 2. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). 3. The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson (1993), which ranges from 13 to 27 ml / dl or 130 to 270 mg / dl. It is suspected that this is due to increased digestive activity in chickens so that more nutrients are absorbed.