Development of Local History Learning with the Heroism Theme of K. Gholib Based on E-Book for Private Vocational School Students in Pringsewu Regency

The development of information and communication technology in the 21st century has provided more complex challenges, such as the emergence of the phenomenon of disruption that is currently happening in Indonesia (Kurniawan, 2019: 56). This phenomenon itself is a consequence of the era of globalization. According to Wibawa & Agustina (2019: 138), the era of globalization is characterized by mastery in every line of people's lives such as economics, politics, ideology, society, culture, and even in the world of education. Rapid change is fundamental, able to change old habits and create new habits (Widnya, 2019: 2). In this century disruption phenomenon has led to digitalization, especially in the world of education (Amirudin, 2019: 189). Classrooms will also develop with digital learning patterns that provide a more creative, participatory, diverse, and comprehensive learning experience (Rizal, 2017). According to Lestari, Mahbubah, & Masykuri (2019: 238) the presence of digital learning in this era, has brought a change where everyone can learn to use internet networks and online classes that are more transparent, integrated and accountable. Online learning system is the implementation of education that can be used for distance learning as used in secondary education to higher education (Sobri, Nursaptini, & Novitasari, 2020: 66). It is undeniable that most students who live in this digital age can foster enthusiasm and understanding of students when the material is delivered online (Sobron, Bayu, Rani, & Meidawati S, 2019: 34). Abstract

This learning phenomenon needs to be optimized for learning that is appropriate for students such as in the Vocational High School. According to (Rahmi, 2019: 105) Vocational High School education institutions, preparing students to be able to work in the field of expertise. Vocational High School Orientation is to prepare graduates who can directly work and are ready to compete in the business and industrial world with their fields of expertise or competence. This objective relates to Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation number 19 of 2005 article 26 paragraph 3 concerning how the standard of expertise possessed by graduates in Vocational High Schools is to improve their abilities, knowledge, personality, character, and expertise to develop their abilities to a higher level of education. high.
To achieve the objectives of this government regulation, schools must create a good learning system by following a predetermined curriculum. This is done to improve the quality of learning in Vocational High Schools. For this reason, digital-based learning such as electronic books or abbreviated "e-books" is the right solution. According to Fitrian & Rohayati (2019: 13), e-books are learning resources that can improve and develop students' academic achievement compared to using textbooks. Learning to use e-books, as a source of learning can increase students' understanding of material that is more difficult and can also be used in classroom learning (Raihan S. H and Ahmadi F 2018).
According to Maimunah & Arumi (2019: 585), electronic books "e-books" or digital books are one of the learning media that can be used in schools. This e-book, has many advantages such as not requiring large space, flexibility, functionality, lower prices compared to printed books, and easy to use (Nur Hadi Waryanto, Bambang SHM, Emut, & Insani, 2017: 34). There are other benefits of e-books such as being able to preserve book literature, do not rot and can last a long time, have portable properties that can be used anytime and anywhere, and have several questions that can be identified when finished answering questions (Wati, 2016).
The making of this e-book is done in two ways namely directly writing a book and using software. In preparation for using the e-book, researchers used relevant data which was then converted using software. In this case, the software used is Flip PDF Professional 2.4.6.8. This software has many features that can make books in 3D view (Ferdianto & Nurulfatwa, 2019). According to Seruni, Munawaroh, Kurniadewi, & Nurjayadi, (2019: 50) Flip PDF Professional 2.4.6.8 software has many advantages, which are easy to use because it can be operated for beginners who do not know the HTML programming language. Flip PDF Professional is a feature-rich flipbook application with editing functions for pages, images, videos from YouTube, MP4, audio videos, hyperlinks, quizzes, flash, and others (Professional et al., 2019). The final product e-book that will be formed using this software, requires supporting tools such as computers, laptops / netbooks, smartphones, or tabs to open and read products (Fitrian & Rohayati, 2019: 12).
The use of Flip PDF Professional 2.4.6.8 software, previously requires a set of materials that are ready to be formed such as books, articles, newspapers, and in the form of teaching materials that are prepared systematically. According to Trisnawati & Sutihat (2020: 39) a collection of materials that are ready to be compiled into e-books are grouped into various forms such as handouts, books, modules, student worksheets, brochures, leaflets, books, photos / drawings, models / models. Of the various types of material that are ready to be used, researchers assume that it is necessary to develop in the context of digital media. This is also in line with the needs of students at the Vocational High School located in Pringsewu District, when conducting a preliminary study of interest in learning history, especially on local history material.
According to Fauzi, Sunarjan, & Amin, (2017: 39) learning local history is the study of the life of a particular community or community in the dynamic development of human life. Meanwhile, Warsino (2009) believes learning local history can increase a sense of concern and interest in their regional areas, to explore more deeply about anything that is on the past trajectory in their area. Based on these two views, the researcher seeks to foster interest in student learning at the Vocational High School in Pringsewu Regency through local history material. Local history learning that will be developed in the e-book is a religious figure who fought together in defending independence in Lampung from the attack of the Dutch Military Aggression II in 1949 named K.H Gholib. The material that will be contained in this e-book is to contain a series of events that illustrate the value of nationalism, heroism, and patriotism.
Based on the description above, by utilizing the development of information technology and communication in the 21st century, especially in the world of education that has entered the era of digitalization. Faster changes have have created humans to work according to their fields, this is also supported by National Education in Indonesia as found in Vocational High Schools. Efforts to achieve this change will require digital-based learning in the form of e-books, especially on historical subjects with a local history of the struggle of K.H Gholib. In hopes of growing students' interest to study at Pringsewu District Private Vocational High School.

II. Research Methods
The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) (Borg and Gall, 1983: 772). The focus of this research method is developing an e-book product using the steps of ADDIE model development which has five stages as follows: 1) analysis, carried out by analyzing material related to the object of research and student needs, 2) design, carried out by designing the appearance of the e-book book and content in e-books, 3) development, is done by preparing materials to be used and requires validation of media and material experts, 4) implementation is done by using limited trials and extensive trials, 5) evaluation, carried out by evaluating products that have been validated by media and material experts, and limited and extensive trials. .

Figure 1. Five Stages of ADDIE
The Source Stages of the ADDIE Development Model (Branch, 2009) This research was conducted at the Vocational High School in Pringsewu District, namely the K.H Ghalib Vocational High School, and the Nurul Huda Vocational High School in tenth grade students with specialization history subjects. The results of the data obtained in this study consisted of qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data were obtained by distributing questionnaires about needs analysis to teachers and students. While quantitative data were obtained using 1) product development that has been validated by media and material experts, 2) implementation using limited trials and extensive trials in tenth grade, 3) evaluation is done by evaluating products that have been validated by media and material experts, their application conducted with limited trials and extensive trials to measure student interest in learning and measure student knowledge of e-book material by giving question test questions. This research uses descriptive statistical data analysis techniques. This analysis is used to process data obtained from the instrument in the form of an average questionnaire score, using the following formula: Keterangan: : Average score : The number of several items N : Total number The qualitative data obtained will be interpreted to provide meaning in decision making, using the following guidelines for evaluating conversion criteria.

Results
Research on the development of local history teaching materials in the struggle of KH Gholib based on e-books for private Vocational High School students of Pringsewu Regency, using the ADDIE development model developed by (Branch, 2009) by having five development steps namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This development model is used to produce products that aim to create an effective learning environment. The product that has been developed is expected to be used in a useful learning process with the help of Flip PDF Professional 2.4.6.8 software.
The steps for developing an e-book product will be explained as follows:

a. Analysis
The analysis phase in this study was carried out in two ways: 1) distributing needs analysis questionnaires to history learning teachers and class X students at SMK K.H Ghalib and SMK Nurul Huda in Pringsewu District. The questionnaire was distributed by researchers in two ways namely open questionnaire and closed questionnaire. According to Sugiyono (2014), open questionnaires are questions that flow without providing limited answer choices, whereas closed questionnaires are questions that are given limited answers such as yes or no. The open questionnaire in this study was aimed at one history learning teacher in both schools, while the closed questionnaire was given to ten students with fifteen questions given to both schools with answer limits using the Guttman scale as shown in the following table: 1) Conduct interviews with history teachers in two schools, using questions that flow without guidance and are given in advance by the researcher. Furthermore, researchers also conduct literature studies relating to the object of development based on relevant research such as previous books and journals. This analysis stage uses an interactive data analysis model with Miles & Huberman's theory (2014: 20).
2) Give questionnaires to students in two schools, by taking a random sample of ten students by giving fifteen questions. This data analysis technique uses the Guttman scale technique with limited Yes or Unlimited answers. The explanation is as follows:

Conclusion / Verification
Data obtained from a closed questionnaire using the Guttman scale, then the data is analyzed in statistical ways using the percentage formula (%) as follows: Keterangan: P = percentage figure F = score obtained N = maximum score Data that has been measured in the next percentage will be viewed using the interpretation of student responses as follows: Analysis of closed questionnaire data given to students in the two schools showed the following results: for SMK K.H Ghalib scored 38: 10 = 38% and for SMK Nurul Huda scored 35: 10 = 35%. Based on this preliminary research, researchers assume to develop local history learning with the theme of the struggle of K.H Gholib into an e-book product to facilitate student learning.

b. Design
The design phase in this study is: designed to prepare learning activities that will be compiled inward. There are five design stages carried out in development based on an analysis of student need ds: 1) cover / title, 2) guidelines for using e-books, 3) table of contents, 4) learning material, 5) evaluation. In the five initial design components of making this e-book product, it cannot be separated from the Core Competencies and Basic Competencies contained in the curriculum applicable to both schools.

c. Development
The development phase in this research is finding and gathering various relevant sources to enrich the material, making illustrations, graphics, typing, editing, and arranging the material layout. The next activity in the development phase is the activity of validating the design of e-book product development to media and material experts. Test the validity of e-book product development made as follows:  Appropriate examples of illustrations given 5 5 Good grammar suitability 4 6 Conformity of sentences with the level of thinking of students 5 7 Encourage students to understand the attitude of historical empathy 5 8 Accuracy in selecting summary contents 4 Total 36 Percentage score (%) 90% Calculation of the score results on the assessment of media and material experts using the formula: (V) = Total validation score x 100% Maximum total score  (2013) Based on the calculation of the formula on the results of the media validity assessment data in table 4, the percentage of e-book product scores 38: 40 = 0.95 x 100% = 95%, while the data results of the material expert validity in table 5 show the percentage of e-book product scores 36: 40 = 0.90 x 100% = 90%. It can be interpreted that the e-book product developed has been worth testing in local history learning with the contents of the K.H Gholib struggle material.

d. Implementation
The implementation phase in this research is carried out after the e-book product used has been declared feasible by media and material experts. Furthermore, the application of this e-book product, researchers will conduct limited and extensive trials in tenth grade at SMK K.H Ghalib and SMK Nurul Huda Kapubaten Pringsewu. Limited trial activities are conducted to measure students 'responses to the use of e-books as a facility to support learning activities, while extensive trials are conducted to measure students' interest in learning to use e-books. Explanation of implementation using limited and extensive trials will be explained as follows: 1) Limited trial, this research was conducted after one meeting in two schools with a random sample of ten students in tenth grade by giving a five-question questionnaire to test the level of e-book readability, attractiveness / response of students to the material taught using e-books. Whether the e-book design used is interesting or not 0 0 0 3 7 2 In your opinion whether the e-book that has been used can facilitate you to learn  Whether the e-book design used is interesting or not 0 0 0 2 8 2 In your opinion whether the e-book that has been used can facilitate you to learn Based on the limited test data at the first meeting held in two schools, the results show that the e-book used has drawn students' responses to learning to use e-book products specifically local history lessons with the struggle material of K.H Gholib. 2) Extensive testing, this research was conducted after four meetings in two schools with a sample of thirty students in tenth grade by giving a questionnaire to test students' interest in learning using an e-book. Based on extensive test data at four meetings held at two schools, the results show that the e-book used has attracted students' interest in learning to use e-book products specifically for local history lessons with the struggle material of K.H Gholib.

Discussion
The evaluation phase in this study was conducted to evaluate matters relating to the development of e-books. In this evaluation, four stages are carried out: (1) revising e-book products that have been developed based on suggestions and input from media and material experts, (2) e-book products that have been revised, then limited trials to measure students' responses to e-book based learning. This is done to see the feasibility of an ebook that is used as a medium of learning in the classroom, (3) after seeing students' responses, then an extensive test is conducted. This is done to implement e-book learning which is then measured based on students' interest in learning, (4) after measuring student learning interest, the next measurement is to provide questions based on e-book material. This is done to measure student knowledge based on material in e-books by giving fifteen questions. Student grades are based on question tests conducted at two schools as follows:  Measurement techniques for research questions based on e-book materials are based on using the following formula: Less 0-20 Very Less Source: (Arikunto, 2013: 272) Based on the results of the evaluation of e-book products using fifteen questions to tenth grade students applied at both schools, the results show the following: for SMK KH Ghalib there are eight students in the good category and twenty-two students in the very good category, while for the SMK Nurul Huda has twelve students in the good category and eighteen students in the very good category. This can be interpreted that learning local history using e-books can attract student learning interest.

IV. Conclusion
The development of local history learning with the theme of the struggle of K.H Gholib based on e-books, has been appropriate for use in learning. The eligibility of this ebook product is based on the assessment of media and material experts, that is, in the percentage for media 95% in the very feasible category and the percentage for the material 90% in the very feasible category. Furthermore, e-books were conducted limited trials and extensive trials in two schools namely: limited testing for SMK K.H Ghalib in percentage 5.1 in the very good category, and for SMK Nurul Huda 4.76 in the very good category. As for the extensive test for SMK K.H Ghalib in the 4.79 percentage in the very good category and for the Nurul Huda SMK in the 4.76 percentage in the very good category. After a limited and extensive trial, the researcher then measured students' knowledge by giving fifteen questions in two schools with satisfactory results. So the e-book products developed can be used for teacher and student learning.